NDLI: Towards industrially feasible high-efficiency n-type Si solar cells with boron-diffused front side emitter - combining firing stable Al passivation and fine-line printing

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Richter, A. Hoteis, M. Benick, J. Henneck, S. Hermle, M. Glunz, S.W.
Copyright Year	2010
Description	Author affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (Richter, A.; Hoteis, M.; Benick, J.; Henneck, S.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W.)
Abstract	In this work we combine the firing stable Al passivation of a boron emitter with an industrially feasible contacting technology to gain a complete front side concept of n-type silicon solar cells with a front side junction. The contact scheme consists of a fine-line printed seed layer, using a silver ink, which is subsequently fired and plated. We studied the contact formation of the applied seed layer on a shallow, industrial-type boron emitter by measuring the specific contact resistance for different firing processes. To gain a deeper insight into the contact formation, SEM micrographs were made from the contact interface. Moreover, the emitter shunting has been studied by firing $p^{+}nn^{+}$ test structures at temperatures between 700 and 850 °C. Regarding the passivation of the boron emitter, the firing stability of an Al layer stack was investigated on symmetrically processed $p^{+}np^{+}$ lifetime samples for the same firing temperature range. Based on these results, $p^{+}nn^{+}$ solar cells have been fabricated, featuring a full-area, phosphorous-doped back surface field at the rear. Conversion efficiencies up to 20.5% and fill factors of 80.8% could be achieved, demonstrating the high-efficiency contact formation to the boron-doped emitter.
Starting Page	003587
Ending Page	003592
File Size	1015740
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424458905
ISSN	01608371
e-ISBN	9781424458929
DOI	10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614369
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2010-06-20
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Firing Aluminum oxide Temperature measurement Photovoltaic cells Boron Passivation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Control and Systems Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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