NDLI: Resolving the lateral component of blood flow velocity based on ultrasound speckle size change with scan direction and speed

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Tiantian Xu Bashford, G.R.
Copyright Year	2009
Description	Author affiliation: Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Room 23, L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA (Tiantian Xu) \|\| Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 230 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA (Bashford, G.R.)
Abstract	Conventional blood flow velocity measurement using ultrasound is capable of resolving the axial component (i.e., that aligned with the ultrasound propagation direction) of the blood flow velocity vector. However, these Doppler-based methods are incapable of detecting blood flow in the direction normal to the ultrasound beam. In addition, these methods require repeated pulse-echo interrogation at the same spatial location. In this paper, we introduce a method which estimates the lateral component of blood flow within a single image frame using the observation that the speckle pattern corresponding to the blood reflectors (typically red blood cells) stretches (i.e., is “smeared”) if the blood is moving in the same direction as the electronically-controlled transducer line selection in a 2D image. The situation is analogous to the observed elongation of a subject photographed with a moving camera. Here, we develop a relationship between speckle size, scan speed, and blood flow velocity. Experiments were performed with a blood flow phantom and high-frequency transducer of a commercially available ultrasound machine. Data was captured through an interface allowing access to the raw beam formed data. Blood flow with velocities ranging from 15 to 40 cm/s were investigated in this paper. Results show that there is a linear relationship between the reciprocal of the stretch factor and blood flow velocity. Two scan speeds were used in our experiments. When the scan velocity is 64.8 cm/s, compared with the theoretical model, fitting results based on experimental data gave us a linear relationship with average flow estimation error of 1.74±1.48 cm/s. When the scan velocity is 37.4 cm/s, the average estimation error is 0.65±0.45 cm/s.
Starting Page	491
Ending Page	494
File Size	1122633
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424432967
ISSN	1557170X
DOI	10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5332618
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-09-03
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Blood flow Ultrasonic imaging Speckle Estimation error Velocity measurement Spatial resolution Red blood cells Transducers Cameras Imaging phantoms
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Biomedical Engineering Health Informatics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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