NDLI: Further progress on lateral flow estimation using speckle size variation with scan direction

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Tiantian Xu Bashford, G.R.
Copyright Year	2009
Description	Author affiliation: Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA (Tiantian Xu; Bashford, G.R.)
Abstract	Conventional blood flow velocity measurement using ultrasound is capable of resolving the axial component (i.e., that aligned with the ultrasound propagation direction) of the blood flow velocity vector. However, these Doppler-based methods are incapable of detecting blood flow in the direction normal to the ultrasound beam. In addition, these methods require repeated pulse-echo interrogation at the same spatial location. In this paper, we report additional data on a new method recently introduced. This method estimates the lateral component of blood flow within a single image frame using the observation that the speckle pattern corresponding to the blood reflectors (typically red blood cells) stretches (i.e., is “smeared”) if the blood is moving in the same direction as the electronically-controlled transducer line selection in a 2D image. The situation is analogous to the observed elongation of a subject photographed with a moving camera. Experiments were performed with a blood flow phantom and high-frequency transducer of a commercially available ultrasound machine. Data was captured through an interface allowing access to the raw beamformed data. Blood flow with velocities ranging from 50 to 110 cm/s were investigated in this paper. Previously, we showed results indicating a linear relationship between the reciprocal of the speckle stretch factor and blood flow velocity when the scan velocity is greater than the blood flow velocity [1]. When the scan velocity is 64.8 cm/s, compared with the theoretical model, fitting results based on experimental data gave us a linear relationship with average flow estimation error of 1.74±1.48 cm/s. When the scan velocity is 37.4 cm/s, the average estimation error is 0.65±0.45 cm/s. The new experiments reported here include blood flow velocities that are close to and greater than the scan velocity. Results show that the linear relationship degrades under these conditions, which we hypothesize is due to speckle decorrelation and flow gradients.
Starting Page	1383
Ending Page	1386
File Size	1056761
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424443895
ISSN	19485727
DOI	10.1109/ULTSYM.2009.5441582
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-09-20
Publisher Place	Italy
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Speckle Blood flow Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic transducers Estimation error Velocity measurement Spatial resolution Red blood cells Cameras Imaging phantoms speckle size blood flow velocity measurement
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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