NDLI: In vitro study of titanium nitride electrodes for neural stimulation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Aryan, N.P. Asad, M.I.H.B. Brendler, C. Kibbel, S. Heusel, G. Rothermel, A.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany (Heusel, G.) \|\| Institute of Microelectronics, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89081, Germany (Aryan, N.P.; Asad, M.I.H.B.; Brendler, C.; Rothermel, A.) \|\| Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany (Kibbel, S.)
Abstract	For neural stimulation, reliable high density charge transfer into tissue is required. One electrode material for these applications is titanium nitride (TiN). In this paper, a method for lifetime analysis of TiN electrodes is discussed. Our method significantly differs from open literature. The tests were run for much longer durations. Special attention was paid to the optical appearance and electrode voltage response to different input current pulses. According to our investigations, TiN electrodes are able to deliver at most $0.2mC/cm^{2}$ charge density for square shaped electrodes with 50μm × 50μm dimensions in safe operation, which is less compared to previous reports. The safe operation window for TiN was confirmed to be ±1V in terms of electrode potential with the counter electrode considered as reference. We found that the shape of the waveform does not affect electrode lifetime. Our measurements show that rectangular voltage waveforms inject the most amount of charge into the electrodes compared to other shapes. This makes rectangular electrode voltage signals optimal for highest charge injection at a given lifetime. In our case with square electrodes, the absolute electrode potential is found to be the more important parameter in electrode lifetime, compared to Helmholtz capacitor voltage drop.
Starting Page	2866
Ending Page	2869
File Size	382027
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424441211
ISSN	1557170X
e-ISBN	9781457715891
e-ISBN	9781424441228
DOI	10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090791
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-08-30
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Electrodes Tin Voltage measurement Electric potential Current measurement Impedance Titanium impedance spectroscopy TiN electrode lifetime
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Biomedical Engineering Health Informatics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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