NDLI: Designing an in-field system for illicit drug detection using X-ray diffraction

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Koutalonis, M. Cook, E.J. Griffiths, J.A. Horrocks, J.A. Gent, C. Pani, S. George, L. Hardwick, S. Speller, R.
Copyright Year	2009
Description	Author affiliation: Bart's and the London NHS Trust, London, UK (Koutalonis, M.; Horrocks, J.A.) \|\| Queen Mary University of London/Bart's and the London NHS Trust, London, UK (Pani, S.) \|\| University College London, UK (Cook, E.J.; Griffiths, J.A.; Speller, R.) \|\| Home Office Scientific Development Branch, Sandridge, UK (Gent, C.; George, L.; Hardwick, S.)
Abstract	One way of smuggling drugs into a country is via the postal and courier services. Automated systems are necessary to scan incoming parcels and make quick decisions on whether they contain drugs or not. Few false positive and negative results are an important requirement for the end users of such a system, as neither parcels containing drugs should be lost nor parcels without drugs should stop the workflow. According to previous studies, x-ray diffraction has demonstrated the potential to meet this requirement, as it has shown high ability in identifying drugs, compared to other methods. This is mainly due to the crystalline pattern of the drugs and their unique diffraction signature. The same technique has also been applied in explosives and calculi identification in the past with great success. In this study, a simulation model was developed simulating energy dispersive x-ray diffraction from the powder diffraction profiles of several materials that could be found in a common parcel. A database containing thousands of such materials has been collected. The aim of this study was to test several possible infield systems for drug identification and decide on the optimum that will be developed in the lab. To this direction, several geometries (including distances, collimation, scattering angles etc.), x-ray spectrum energies and detector energy resolutions (HPGe, CZT, Si and NaI) were tested. A variety of parcel sizes and compositions were designed and simulated and the results were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis (MVA). Results showed that several geometries and detectors can lead to a system with high sensitivity and specificity. The next step of this study is the development of these systems in the lab.
Starting Page	862
Ending Page	867
File Size	540208
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424439614
ISSN	10957863
DOI	10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402460
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-10-24
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Drugs X-ray detection X-ray detectors X-ray diffraction Geometry Crystallization Explosives Dispersion Powders Crystalline materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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