NDLI: "Functional Tissue Engineering"

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Van Mow,
Copyright Year	2006
Description	Author affiliation: Stanley Dicker Professor, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Bioengineering, Director, Liu Ping Laboratory for Functional Tissue Engineering Research, Chair, Department of Biomedical Engineering (Van Mow,)
Abstract	Articular cartilage is the load-bearing tissue within all freely moving joints of mammals, i.e., the diarthrodial joints such as hips, knees, shoulders, etc. All diarthrodial joints must support loads of high magnitude, and function with a remarkably low coefficient friction even with the generally slow reciprocating motions. For example, in the knee or hip, the magnitude of loading may reach higher than 15x body weight, with a normal stress up to 20 MPa acting on its articulating surfaces. Even the shoulder, generally considered as a non-weight bearing joint, but it is actually not a non-load bearing joint. Due to the lever law effect, there is a 20 to 1 disadvantage; thus a 10N load carried by an outstretched arm may be magnified to 200N acting across the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder. Similarly, in the patello-femoral joint (PFJ) of the knee, again with an approximate 20 to 1 disadvantage, the force and stress levels acting across the PFJ may reach similar magnitudes. In addition, these loads are applied, in a normal young vigorous individual, about one million times a year, with a cyclic frequency usually less than 1Hz. For athletes, these operational mechanical requirements are increased many times. It is no wonder that for some unlucky individuals, they develop arthritis in the hip and knee (most frequently); this is a form of failure in these natural bearings.
Sponsorship	IEEE EMB
Starting Page	4
Ending Page	5
File Size	127052
Page Count	2
File Format	PDF
ISBN	1424400325
ISSN	1557170X
DOI	10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259772
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-08-30
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Tissue engineering Joints Orthopedic surgery Knee Hip Shoulder Biomedical engineering Biological materials Biomechanics Stress
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Biomedical Engineering Health Informatics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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