NDLI: Shear wave elastography for characterization of carotid artery plaques - A feasibility study in an experimental setup

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Widman, E. Maksuti, E. Larsson, M. Bjallmark, A. Caidahl, K. Dhooge, J.
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Cardiovascular Sci., Catholic Univ. of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Dhooge, J.) \|\| Dept. of Med. Eng., KTH R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden (Widman, E.; Maksuti, E.; Larsson, M.; Bjallmark, A.) \|\| Dept. of Mol. Med. & Surg., Karolinska Inst., Stockholm, Sweden (Caidahl, K.)
Abstract	Characterization of vulnerable plaques in the carotid artery is critical for the prevention of ischemic stroke. However, ultrasound-based methods for plaque characterization used in the clinics today are limited to visual assessment and evaluation of plaque echogenicity. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a new tissue characterization technique based on radiation force-induced shear wave propagation with potential use in plaque vulnerability assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental setup to test the feasibility of SWE for carotid plaque characterization. A carotid artery phantom with a soft inclusion in the wall, mimicking a vulnerable plaque, was constructed (10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3% graphite) by exposing the vessel and plaque to three and one freeze-thaw cycles (6h freeze, 6h thaw) respectively. An Aixplorer SWE system (Supersonic Imagine) was used to measure the shear wave speed $(c_{T})$ in the vessel wall and plaque. The Young's modulus (E) was then calculated via the Moens-Korteweg (M-K) equation. For comparison, eight cylinders (d = 4 cm, h = 4 cm) were constructed for mechanical testing from the same PVA batch, of which four were exposed to three freeze-thaw cycles (mimicking the vessel wall) and four to one freeze-thaw cycle (mimicking the plaque). The Young's moduli for the cylinders were obtained via a displacement controlled mechanical compression test (Instron 5567) by applying 5% strain. The mean shear wave speed was 2.6 (±0.7) m/s in the vessel wall, 1.8 (±0.7) m/s in the plaque, resulting in $E_{vessel}$ = 11.5 (±0.5) kPa, $E_{plaque}$ = 4.3 (±0.5) kPa. The compression tests resulted in E = 64.2 (±11.1) kPa in the hard cylinder and E = 9.7 (±3.1) kPa in the soft cylinder. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish between the arterial wall and the plaque. The disagreement between mechanical testing and SWE can be explained by the fact tha- the shear wave does not propagate monochromatically in cylindrical geometry. To achieve a better calculation of the elastic modulus, the frequency dependency of the shear wave velocity must be considered.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	4
File Size	218170
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467345613
ISSN	19485719
e-ISBN	9781467345620
DOI	10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0343
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-10-07
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Phantoms Testing Ultrasonic imaging Carotid arteries Young's modulus shear wave elastography carotid artery plaque experimental setup phantom
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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