NDLI: Development of an operator independent ultrasound therapeutic device for stroke treatment

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Schafer, M.E. Alleman, J. Alexandrov, A. Barlinn, K.
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: Sonic Tech, Inc., Ambler, PA, USA (Schafer, M.E.) \|\| Cerevast, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA (Alleman, J.) \|\| Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA (Alexandrov, A.; Barlinn, K.)
Abstract	Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Low intensity transcranially applied ultrasound has been shown to augment cerebral arterial recanalization when administered in conjunction with tPA. However, ultrasound usually requires an experienced operator for proper alignment and operation. We have developed an operator independent ("hands free") device that can deliver ultrasound therapy to a larger patient population by obviating the need for ultrasound specialists in emergency situations. Design goals thus included simple operation and high likelihood of successful insonation of blocked arteries. Ultrasound dosimetry and controlled insonation were also important design factors. Methods: The ultrasound delivery system includes a multiple transducer transcranial head frame comprising broadband (1.0 to 2.5 MHz) transducers placed at the temporal windows (six on each side) and the suboccipital window (six additional transducers). A computer controlled ultrasound generator-receiver system could energize any transducer with sine bursts of varying frequency, amplitude, duty factor and PRF. The system was controlled via USB to a laptop computer; a LabView program was used for the user interface, system control, and file management. Prior to use, ultrasonic dosimetry data was recorded for each transducer and saved in the system. The transmission characteristics could thus emulate the characteristics and dose levels of commercially available TCD systems and never exceed FDA ultrasound exposure limits. With the headframe on the patient, the system automatically determined which transducer was positioned over the thinnest temporal bone (the “temporal window”). This was done by sequentially firing each lateral transducer while the transducers on the opposite side of the skull were used as receivers. The transmitter/receiver combination which generated the highest signal (the “best pair”) was used for subsequent insonation. Results/Discussion: A safety trial was conducted using 15 healthy volunteers (with informed consent under IRB approval). In all test subjects, the “best pair” approach always found a temporal window location with adequate transmission properties. The mean estimated in vivo peak negative pressure at 3.2 cm intracranial depth was 59±17 kPa, and the maximum derated intensity $(Ispta_{3})$ levels did not exceed the 720 $mW/cm^{2}$ limit. All subjects were safely insonated with no adverse effects as indicated by the neurological examinations during, immediately after the exposure and at 24 hrs (all NIHSS scores 0), and no breach of the Blood Brain Barrier was found on all MRI's repeated within 1 hour of the exposure. The system logged all exposures in real time for later analysis. The system is now in clinical test with stroke patients.
Starting Page	1948
Ending Page	1951
File Size	256243
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467345613
ISSN	19485719
e-ISBN	9781467345620
DOI	10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0488
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-10-07
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Transducers Ultrasonic imaging Acoustics Receivers Safety Dosimetry Acoustic beams
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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