NDLI: Exploring embedding matrices and the entropy gradient for the segmentation of heart sounds in real noisy environments

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Oliveira, J. Castro, A. Coimbra, M.
Copyright Year	2014
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. de Cienc. dos Comput., Univ. do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Oliveira, J.; Coimbra, M.) \|\| Fac. de Eng., Univ. do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Castro, A.)
Abstract	In this paper we explore a novel feature for the segmentation of heart sounds: the entropy gradient. We are motivated by the fact that auscultations in real environments are highly contaminated by noise and results reinforce our suspicions that the entropy gradient is not only robust to such noise but maintains a high sensitivity to the S1 and S2 components of the signal. Our whole approach consists of three stages, out of which the last two are novel contributions to this field. The first stage consists of typical pre-processing and wavelet reconstruction to obtain the Shannon energy envelogram. On the second stage we use an embedding matrix to track the dynamics of the system, which is formed by delay vectors with higher dimension than the corresponding attractor. On the third stage, we use the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the embedding matrix to estimate the entropy of the envelogram. Finite differences are used to estimate entropy gradients, in which standard peak picking approaches are used for heart sound segmentation. Experiments are performed on a public dataset of pediatric auscultations obtained in real environments and results show the promising potential of this novel feature for such noisy scenarios.
Sponsorship	IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc.
Starting Page	3244
Ending Page	3247
File Size	977992
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424479290
ISSN	1557170X
DOI	10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944314
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-08-26
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Heart Entropy Vectors Delays Noise Noise measurement Phonocardiography
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Biomedical Engineering Health Informatics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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