NDLI: Automatic sleep classification according to Rechtschaffen and Kales

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Anderer, P. Gruber, G. Parapatics, S. Dorffner, G.
Copyright Year	2007
Description	Author affiliation: Med. Univ. of Vienna, Vienna (Anderer, P.)
Abstract	Conventionally, polysomnographic recordings are classified according to the rules published in 1968 by Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K). The present paper describes an automatic classification system embedded in an e-health solution that has been developed and validated in a large database of healthy controls and sleep disturbed patients. The Somnolyzer 24times7trade adheres to the decision rules for visual scoring as closely as possible and includes a structured quality control procedure by a human expert. The final system consists of a raw data quality check, a feature extraction algorithm (density and intensity of sleep/wake-related patterns such as sleep spindles, delta waves, slow and rapid eye movements), a feature matrix plausibility check, a classifier designed as an expert system and a rule-based smoothing procedure for the start and the end of stages REM and 2. The validation based on 286 recordings in both normal healthy subjects aged 20 to 95 years and patients suffering from organic or nonorganic sleep disorders demonstrated an overall epoch-by-epoch agreement of 80% (Cohen's Kappa: 0.72) between the Somnolyzer 24times7 and the human expert scoring, as compared with an inter-rater reliability of 77% (Cohen's Kappa: 0.68) between two human experts. Two Somnolyzer 24times7 analyses (including a structured quality control by two human experts) revealed an inter-rater reliability close to 1 (Cohen's Kappa: 0.991). Moreover, correlation analysis in R&K derived target variables revealed similar - in 36 out of 38 variables even higher - relationships between Somnolyzer 24times7 and expert evaluations as compared to the concordance between two human experts. Thus, the validation study proved the high reliability and validity of the Somnolyzer 24times7 both, on the epoch-by-epoch and on the target variable level. These results demonstrate the applicability of the Somnolyzer 24times7 evaluation in clinical routine and sleep studies.
Starting Page	3994
Ending Page	3997
File Size	333613
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424407873
ISSN	1557170X
DOI	10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353209
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-08-22
Publisher Place	France
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Sleep Humans Quality control Spatial databases Visual databases Automatic control Control systems Feature extraction Active matrix organic light emitting diodes Algorithm design and analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Biomedical Engineering Health Informatics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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