NDLI: Relative age effect on the physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old: a cross-sectional study in Japan

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Mori, Takaaki Aoki, Takumi Oishi, Kan Harada, Tetsuo Tanaka, Chiaki Tanaka, Shigeho Tanaka, Hideki Fukuda, Kazuhiko Kamikawa, Yasuko Tsuji, Nobuhiro Komura, Keisuke Kokudo, Shohei Morita, Noriteru Suzuki, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Masashi Kasanami, Ryoji Hara, Taketaka Miyazaki, Ryo Abe, Takafumi Yamatsu, Koji Kume, Daisuke Asai, Hedenori Yamamoto, Naofumi Tsuji, Taishi Nakaya, Tomoki Ishii, Kojiro
Abstract	Background Few studies have shown that relatively younger children and adolescents (those born later in the same school year) were less likely to engage in physical activity in a phenomenon termed the relative age effect. Although these studies mainly targeted elementary and middle school students, no study has reported on the relative age effect on physical activity in ordinary high school students. Moreover, the relative age effect on sedentary behavior might show an opposite association with physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relative age effects on physical activity and sedentary behavior across different school stages in Japanese children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 21,491 children and adolescents (elementary, middle, and high school students aged 10–18 years) in various Japanese regions from January 2018 to July 2019. Overall, 18,281 children and adolescents (10,299 boys and 7,982 girls) were finally included in our analysis. Data on the birth month, frequency and duration of their physical activity (vigorous, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity), and sedentary behavior (weekday and weekend total sedentary time, television viewing, playing video games, and Internet use) were obtained. We utilized two-part model regression analyses. Statistically significant association with birth month indicated that a relative age effect was observed. Results The relatively younger individuals were less likely to engage in physical activity (especially vigorous physical activity (VPA)); this association was observed in middle and high school students. Conversely, the relatively younger boys spent more time during weekends with sedentary behaviors and Internet use. Based on school stage, the relative age effect on VPA time was observed in middle school boys (average margin effect (AME) = -0.74, p < 0.01) and high school students (boys: AME = -0.69, p < 0.01; girls: AME = -0.53, p < 0.05). The relative age effect on sedentary behavior was observed during weekends with sedentary behaviors (AME = 3.55, p < 0.01), playing video games (AME = 0.72, p < 0.05) and Internet use (AME = 2.46, p < 0.01) for male high school students and on television viewing (AME = 1.12, p < 0.05) for female middle school students. Conclusion The relative age effect on physical activity can persist after middle school, and the relatively younger individuals are more likely to replace physical activity with sedentary behavior.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-024-20659-7.pdf
Ending Page	16
Page Count	16
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-20659-7
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-11-25
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Physical activity Sedentary behavior Relative age effect School Adolescence Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

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