NDLI: Temporal trends in weight-based disparities in physical fitness of children: 30-years of continuous surveillance through Slovenian national system

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Martinko, Antonio Blagus, Rok Jurak, Gregor Starc, Gregor Sorić, Maroje
Abstract	Background Obesity in childhood has deleterious consequences for health while improving physical fitness can significantly reduce health risks related to high body mass index. We aimed to examine the evolution of disparities in physical fitness based on weight status among 7–15-year-olds in Slovenia between 1989 and 2019 and compare these trends across sex, age and socioeconomic status. Methods We used annual data collected within the SLOfit monitoring system in the period between 1989 and 2019, totalling 4,256,930 participants (about 137 000 per year). We examined cardiorespiratory fitness (600-m run test), muscular fitness (60-s sit-ups, bent arm hang, and standing broad jump test) and skill-related fitness (backwards obstacle course, 60-m dash, arm plate tapping). We grouped children according to the IOTF cut-offs for BMI to those living with normal weight or excess weight and estimated changes in physical fitness over time by fitting quantile regression models separately by sex and age group, and then using segmented regression to identify the patterns of trends over time. Results Weight-based disparities in physical fitness were large in 1989 and have further increased by 2019. The increase in disparities was generally around 5 percentiles larger in boys, and 10–15-year-olds compared to younger children. It was particularly pronounced for body core strength and speed in boys (up to 15 and 19 percentiles, respectively) and upper body strength and speed among girls (up to 13 percentiles). Most of the increase in disparities in health-related fitness accumulated during the 2010s, when the fitness of children generally improved, but much less so in children living with excess weight. Conclusions Despite recent improvements in population fitness levels, children with excess weight seem to be left behind, which adds to existing health inequalities. Our results should encourage policymakers to redesign policies aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing physical fitness to make them more equitable and ultimately lead to reducing inequalities in fitness.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-024-20372-5.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-20372-5
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-10-23
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Health inequalities Secular changes Obesity Socioeconomic status Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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