NDLI: Spread of flame testing of glass - backsheet c-Si solar modules: Degradation progression and effect of module laminate materials

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Fletcher, T.D. Phillips, N.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: Renewable Energy Div., 3M Co., St. Paul, MN, USA (Fletcher, T.D.; Phillips, N.)
Abstract	Recent changes to the flammability test set in UL 1703 have raised the opportunity for using glass - backsheet c-Si modules on rooftop installations. For this module type, passing the Spread of Flame test can be problematic. This paper describes work undertaken to identify the progression of degradation in the module during the course of the test, and to understand which variables in module design can affect the process. Small and full size modules were prepared with different laminate material combinations, and these were flame tested while recording video, thermocouple and thermal imaging data. From these data sets, we have developed a physical model of events leading to failure, with critical steps consisting of A) stress generation in the glass due to thermal expansion B) glass cracking, and C) escape of volatiles through glass cracks followed by ignition above the glass and into the laminate. Glass cracking has been found to be the single most important factor in spread of flame testing. Encapsulant degree of cure is also important in determining flame performance.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	6
File Size	2882148
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
e-ISBN	9781479979448
DOI	10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355992
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-06-14
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Glass Degradation Polymers Silicon Lead silicon photonics Photovoltaic systems flammability photovoltaic cells
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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