NDLI: Improving targeting of ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening using chirp and random-based modulations

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kamimura, H. Wang, S. Wu, S.-Y. Karakatsani, M. Acosta, C. Carneiro, A. Konofagou, E.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Phys., Univ. de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao, Brazil (Carneiro, A.) \|\| Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA (Kamimura, H.; Wang, S.; Wu, S.-Y.; Karakatsani, M.; Acosta, C.; Konofagou, E.)
Abstract	Beam distortions of focused ultrasound (FUS) caused by skull may compromise accurate targeting of transcranial therapeutic ultrasound applications. Although, the efficacy of the random and chirp modulations in improving targeting have been proven in simulations, ex-vivo and in phantom studies, many other parameters that can be observed in vivo are disregarded such as the heterogeneity of the soft tissue, the variability of the drug uptake and clearance among subjects. In this study, the capability of the chirp- and random-based coded ultrasonic excitation in improving the targeting is investigated using a FUS-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening protocol in mice. The coded ultrasonic excitation signals were generated with frequency bandwidth: 1.5-1.9 MHz, pressure: 0.52 MPa, and duration: 30 s. Fifteen mice were divided in three groups (n=5 each). One group was sonicated in the right caudate putamen with chirp-based signal (frequency varying linearly), the other group was sonicated with random-based coded signal (randomly varying frequency) and they were compared with a third group sonicated with standard mono-frequency ultrasound (1.5 MHz, 0.52 MPa, burst duration: 20 ms, total duration: 5 min). The mean BBB opening volumes assessed by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were 9.38 ± 5.71 $mm^{3},$ 8.91 ± 3.91 $mm^{3}$ and 35.47 ± 5.10 $mm^{3}$ for the chirp, random and standard sonication, respectively. The mean cavitation levels assessed by passive cavitation detection were 55.40 ± 28.43 V.s, 63.87 ± 29.97 V.s and 356.52 ± 257.15 V.s for the same groups. The coded excitation methods improved the targeting precision, generating lower cavitation levels and more confined opening volumes than the conventional sonication. The coded excitation methods may thus enable more precise drug delivery and it may benefit other FUS applications that use higher-pressure levels and require precision to ablate or stimulate the targeted region.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	4
File Size	552044
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
e-ISBN	9781479981823
DOI	10.1109/ULTSYM.2015.0072
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-10-21
Publisher Place	Taiwan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Ultrasonic imaging Chirp Mice Acoustics Transducers Magnetic resonance imaging skull attenuation chirp coded ultrasonic excitation therapeutic ultrasound
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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