NDLI: A 60GHz antenna-referenced frequency-locked loop in 0.13μm CMOS for wireless sensor networks

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kuo-Ken Huang Wentzloff, D.D.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Kuo-Ken Huang; Wentzloff, D.D.)
Abstract	Some applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN) require long-term deployments and vanishingly-small unit volumes to make them cost effective and unobtrusive. Energy- and area-efficient circuits, as well as eliminating offchip components, are critical to meeting these objectives. A conventional WSN node can be fully integrated in CMOS except for the battery, crystal reference, and antenna. Typically, a PLL and a crystal reference are used for RF synchronization and to position the wireless signal in a desired band for FCC compliance. Crystals, however, require custom packaging that currently prohibits scaling to $mm^{3}$ sizes. Moreover, an off-chip antenna increases the size of the node and raises the cost. In this paper, a fully integrated 60GHz frequency-locked loop (FLL) in 0.13μm CMOS is presented using an on-chip patch antenna as both the radiator and reference for frequency generation. The proposed technique efficiently integrates the antenna, eliminates the need for a crystal reference, is FCC compliant, and ensures the node transmits at the antenna's peak efficiency. The substrate beneath the antenna is shielded by an intermediate metal layer ground plane, freeing up space for active circuits and routing beneath the patch. By integrating circuits in CMOS underneath the patch, and stacking the die on e.g. a thin-film battery, a fully integrated WSN node in $mm^{3}$ scale is feasible.
Starting Page	284
Ending Page	286
File Size	2741923
Page Count	3
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781612843032
ISSN	01936530
e-ISBN	9781612843025
DOI	10.1109/ISSCC.2011.5746320
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-02-20
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Frequency locked loops Patch antennas Antenna measurements Voltage-controlled oscillators Frequency measurement Transmission line measurements
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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