NDLI: Architecture implications of pads as a scarce resource

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Volume 42, Issue 5, December 2014

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Volume 42, Issue 3, June 2014

Unifying on-chip and inter-node switching within the Anton 2 network

Avoiding core's DUE & SDC via acoustic wave detectors and tailored error containment and recovery

The Direct-to-Data (D2D) cache

Fine-grain task aggregation and coordination on GPUs

Efficient digital neurons for large scale cortical architectures

Memory persistency

Towards energy proportionality for large-scale latency-critical workloads

Row-buffer decoupling

Architecture implications of pads as a scarce resource

The CHERI capability model

General-purpose code acceleration with limited-precision analog computation

A reconfigurable fabric for accelerating large-scale datacenter services

Enabling preemptive multiprogramming on GPUs

An examination of the architecture and system-level tradeoffs of employing steep slope devices in 3D CMPs

Reducing access latency of MLC PCMs through line striping

Increasing off-chip bandwidth in multi-core processors with switchable pins

The dirty-block index

Single-graph multiple flows

Optimizing virtual machine consolidation performance on NUMA server architecture for cloud workloads

Flipping bits in memory without accessing them

A low power and reliable charge pump design for phase change memories

Eliminating redundant fragment shader executions on a mobile GPU via hardware memoization

Real-world design and evaluation of compiler-managed GPU redundant multithreading

Harnessing ISA diversity

Going vertical in memory management

Replay debugging

Improving the energy efficiency of big cores

Volume 42, Issue 2, May 2014

Volume 42, Issue 1, March 2014

Architecture implications of pads as a scarce resource

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Wang, Ke Stan, Mircea R. Zhang, Runjie Meyer, Brett H. Skadron, Kevin
Abstract	Due to non-ideal technology scaling, delivering a stable supply voltage is increasingly challenging. Furthermore, com- petition for limited chip interface resources (i.e., C4 pads) between power supply and I/O, and the loss of such resources to electromigration, means that constructing a power deliverynetwork (PDN) that satisfies noise margins without compromising performance is and will remain a critical problem for architects and circuit designers alike. Simple guardbanding will no longer work, as the consequent performance penalty will grow with technology scaling In this paper, we develop a pre-RTL PDN model, VoltSpot, for the purpose of studying the performance and noise tradeoffs among power supply and I/O pad allocation, the effectiveness of noise mitigation techniques, and the consequent implications of electromigration-induced PDN pad failure. Our simulations demonstrate that, despite their integral role in the PDN, power/ground pads can be aggressively reduced (by conversion into I/O pads) to their electromigration limit with minimal performance impact from extra voltage noise - provided the system implements a suitable noise-mitigation strategy. The key observation is that even though reducing power/ground pads significantly increases the number of voltage emergencies, the average noise amplitude increase is small. Overall, we can triple I/O bandwidth while maintaining target lifetimes and incurring only 1.5% slowdown
Starting Page	373
Ending Page	384
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01635964
DOI	10.1145/2678373.2665728
Journal	ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (CARN)
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1981-04-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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