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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Ahmed, Joumana Strulovici-Barel, Yael Salit, Jacqueline Hassan, Ibrahim Wang, Guoqing Mezey, Jason G. Wang, Rui Crystal, Ronald G. |
| Description | Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Wang R ( Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.) |
| Abstract | The TLRs are important components of the respiratory epithelium host innate defense, enabling the airway surface to recognize and respond to a variety of insults in inhaled air. On the basis of the knowledge that smokers are more susceptible to pulmonary infection and that the airway epithelium of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by bacterial colonization and acute exacerbation of airway infections, we assessed whether smoking alters expression of TLRs in human small airway epithelium, the primary site of smoking-induced disease. Microarrays were used to survey the TLR family gene expression in small airway (10th to 12th order) epithelium from healthy nonsmokers (n = 60), healthy smokers (n = 73), and smokers with COPD (n = 36). Using the criteria of detection call of present (P call) ≥ 50%, 6 of 10 TLRs (TLRs 1-5 and 8) were expressed. Compared with nonsmokers, the most striking change was for TLR5, which was downregulated in healthy smokers (1.4-fold, p < 10â »¹°) and smokers with COPD (1.6-fold, p < 10â »¹¹). TaqMan RT-PCR confirmed these observations. Bronchial biopsy immunofluorescence studies showed that TLR5 was expressed mainly on the apical side of the epithelium and was decreased in healthy smokers and smokers with COPD. In vitro, the level of TLR5 downstream genes, IL-6 and IL-8, was highly induced by flagellin in TLR5 high-expressing cells compared with TLR5 low-expressing cells. In the context that TLR5 functions to recognize pathogens and activate innate immune responses, the smoking-induced downregulation of TLR5 may contribute to smoking-related susceptibility to airway infection, at least for flagellated bacteria. |
| ISSN | 00221767 |
| e-ISSN | 15506606 |
| DOI | 10.4049/jimmunol.1101895 |
| Journal | The Journal of Immunology |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| Volume Number | 189 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The American Association of Immunologists |
| Publisher Date | 2012-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Down-regulation Immunology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Metabolism Respiratory Mucosa Smoking Toll-like Receptor 5 Antagonists & Inhibitors Biosynthesis Cell Line Cells, Cultured Flagellin Adverse Effects Gram-negative Bacterial Infections Etiology Complications Pathology Physiology Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Discipline Immunology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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