| Content Provider |
World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
| Author |
Poukens, Vadims Ying, Howard Le, Alan Goldberg, Robert A. Demer, Joseph L. Rootman, Daniel |
| Description |
Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Le A ( Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.); Poukens V ( Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.); Ying H ( Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.); Rootman D ( Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.); Goldberg RA ( Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.); Demer JL ( Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States 4Neuroscience Interdepar.) |
| Abstract |
PURPOSE: Intramuscular innervation of mammalian horizontal rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs) is compartmental. We sought evidence of similar compartmental innervation of the superior oblique (SO) muscle. METHODS: Three fresh bovine orbits and one human orbit were dissected to trace continuity of SO muscle and tendon fibers to the scleral insertions. Whole orbits were also obtained from four humans (two adults, a 17-month-old child, and a 33-week stillborn fetus), two rhesus monkeys, one rabbit, and one cow. Orbits were formalin fixed, embedded whole in paraffin, serially sectioned in the coronal plane at 10-µm thickness, and stained with Masson trichrome. Extraocular muscle fibers and branches of the trochlear nerve (CN4) were traced in serial sections and reconstructed in three dimensions. RESULTS: In the human, the lateral SO belly is in continuity with tendon fibers inserting more posteriorly on the sclera for infraducting mechanical advantage, while the medial belly is continuous with anteriorly inserting fibers having mechanical advantage for incycloduction. Fibers in the monkey superior SO insert more posteriorly on the sclera to favor infraduction, while the inferior portion inserts more anteriorly to favor incycloduction. In all species, CN4 bifurcates prior to penetrating the SO belly. Each branch innervates a nonoverlapping compartment of EOM fibers, consisting of medial and lateral compartments in humans and monkeys, and superior and inferior compartments in cows and rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: The SO muscle of humans and other mammals is compartmentally innervated in a manner that could permit separate CN4 branches to selectively influence vertical versus torsional action. |
| ISSN |
01460404 |
| e-ISSN |
15525783 |
| DOI |
10.1167/iovs.15-17602 |
| Journal |
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science |
| Issue Number |
11 |
| Volume Number |
56 |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher |
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
| Publisher Date |
2015-10-01 |
| Publisher Place |
United States |
| Access Restriction |
Open |
| Subject Keyword |
Ophthalmic Nerve Anatomy & Histology Animals Cadaver Infant Infant, Newborn Oculomotor Muscles Orbit Rabbits Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Ophthalmology |
| Content Type |
Text |
| Resource Type |
Article |
| Subject |
Ophthalmology Sensory Systems Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
