NDLI: Convergent neofunctionalization by positive Darwinian selection after ancient recurrent duplications of the xanthine dehydrogenase gene.

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Convergent neofunctionalization by positive Darwinian selection after ancient recurrent duplications of the xanthine dehydrogenase gene.

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Convergent neofunctionalization by positive Darwinian selection after ancient recurrent duplications of the xanthine dehydrogenase gene.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Rodríguez-trelles, Francisco Ayala, Francisco J. Tarrío, Rosa
Description	Author Affiliation: Rodríguez-Trelles F ( Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA. ftrelles@liag.cesga.es);
Abstract	Gene duplication is a primary source of molecular substrate for the emergence of evolutionary novelties. The chances for redundant gene sequences to evolve new functions are small compared with the probability that the copies become disabled by deleterious mutations. Functional divergence after gene duplication can result in two alternative evolutionary fates: one copy acquires a novel function (neofunctionalization), or each copy adopts part of the tasks of their parental gene (subfunctionalization). The relative prevalence of each outcome is unknown. Similarly unknown is the relative importance of positive selection versus random fixation of neutral mutations. Aldehyde oxidase (Ao) and xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) genes encode two complex members of the xanthine oxidase family of molybdo-flavoenzymes that carry different functions. Ao is known to have originated from a duplicate of an Xdh gene in eukaryotes, before the origin of multicellularity. We show that (i) Ao evolved independently twice from two different Xdh paralogs, the second time in the chordates, before the diversification of vertebrates; (ii) after each duplication, the Ao duplicate underwent a period of rapid evolution during which identical sites across the two molecules, involving the flavin adenine dinucleotide and substrate-binding pockets, were subjected to intense positive Darwinian selection; and (iii) the second Ao gene likely endured two periods of redundancy, initially as a duplicate of Xdh and later as a functional equivalent of the old Ao, which is currently absent from the vertebrate genome. Caution is appropriate in structural genomics when using sequence similarity for assigning protein function.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	23
Volume Number	100
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2003-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biological Evolution Coenzymes Gene Duplication Xanthine Dehydrogenase Genetics Aldehyde Oxidase Animals Binding Sites Evolution, Molecular Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide Chemistry Flavonoids Ligands Metalloproteins Protein Binding Pteridines Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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