NDLI: Phase shift micro-beamforming of CMUT arrays using the spring-softening effect

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Savoia, A.S. Caliano, G. Lamberti, N. Matrone, G. Magenes, G. Iula, A.
Copyright Year	2013
Description	Author affiliation: Dipt. di Ing., Univ. degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy (Savoia, A.S.; Caliano, G.) \|\| Dipt. di Ing. Ind., Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy (Lamberti, N.) \|\| Dipt. di Ing. Ind. e dell'Inf., Univ. degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Matrone, G.; Magenes, G.) \|\| Scuola di Ing., Univ. degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy (Iula, A.)
Abstract	In phased array systems, a partial beamforming can be carried out inside the probe to reduce the number of signals to be processed by the main system. Such technique, known as micro-beamforming, involves the application of a delay-and-sum beamforming to small groups of adjacent array elements using dedicated electronics. In this paper we show that, due to the electrostatic spring-softening effect, the phase response of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) can be controlled by varying the bias voltage. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a phase shift micro-beamforming method of CMUT arrays. We analyze the performance obtainable by applying this method to a typical phased array configuration for medical imaging. We show that, with relatively high quality factor CMUTs that still allow broadband immersion operation, it is possible to obtain up to 90° phase shifts by varying the bias voltage. Further, by inverting the sign of the bias voltage, we show that it is possible to obtain an additional 180° phase shift. Simulation results show that, with a 40% -3 dB one-way fractional bandwidth CMUT, the grating lobe level of the transmission radiation patterns, obtained with the proposed micro-beamforming technique, may be kept below -23 dB using broadband excitation signals for maximum steering angles of ±45°.
Sponsorship	IEEE Ultrason., Ferroelectr., Freq. Control Society
Starting Page	1424
Ending Page	1427
File Size	1905983
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19485719
e-ISBN	9781467356862
DOI	10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0361
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-07-21
Publisher Place	Czech Republic
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Phased arrays Transducers Ultrasonic imaging Imaging Delays Array signal processing Springs spring-softening beamforming micro-beamforming phased array CMUT capacitive micromachined transducers
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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