NDLI: Experimental Investigation on the Dispersive Transport of Angiographic Contrast Injected Antegradely Into Flow in a Tube

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Baruch, B. Lieber Hao, Qing Sadasivan, Chander Seong, Jaehoon
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	In catheter-based angiography contrast is injected through a catheter into flowing arterial blood to attenuate the X-ray beam such that physicians can view vascular luminal morphology for diagnosis of vascular pathology [1]. Since real time angiography became available the transport of contrast could be visualized and numerous attempts have been made to relate the visualized transport of contrast to blood flow or blood velocity. Since the dispersion of contrast is a complex process and thorough understanding of contrast mixing with the flowing blood is missing, many physicians and researchers alike implicitly assume that mixing of contrast and blood is either instantaneously completed or that mixing does not take place at all during the short visualization period. In the former case many erroneously assume that the visualization of contrast transport directly reflect blood flow characteristics. Yet others attributed homogeneous mixing to turbulence even when the Reynolds number was as low as 77 [2]. In the latter case some reports suggested that since the two do not mix, the contrast, which is denser than blood, will tend to accumulate at low parts of the arterial system due to the gravity. The stereotypical concept is that under laminar flow conditions homogeneous mixing will take a long time and consequently a long distance. The fact that the angiographic contrast is a liquid tracer injected forcefully into the blood, generating an ejector effect is ignored. The velocity mismatch between the injected contrast and the flowing blood plays a major role in laminar mixing of the contrast. In this paper, we report our experimental investigation that was designed to find out how far distal to the catheter tip will the injected contrast reach homogeneous mixing with a blood analog fluid as evident by no further changes in the contrast density profiles measured downstream of the catheter tip.
Sponsorship	Bioengineering Division
Starting Page	579
Ending Page	580
Page Count	2
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791847985
DOI	10.1115/SBC2007-176606
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2007-06-20
Publisher Place	Keystone, Colorado, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Visualization Turbulence Gravity (force) Reynolds number X-rays Density Flow (dynamics) Blood Catheters Blood flow Fluids Laminar flow Ejectors
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in