NDLI: Prevalence, causes, and risk factors for functional low vision in Nigeria: results from the national survey of blindness and visual impairment.

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Establishment of a new animal model of focal subretinal fibrosis that resembles disciform lesion in advanced age-related macular degeneration.

Lacritin, a novel human tear glycoprotein, promotes sustained basal tearing and is well tolerated.

Recruitment of blood-derived inflammatory cells mediated via tumor necrosis factor- receptor 1b exacerbates choroidal neovascularization.

Plasmin treatment accelerates vascular endothelial growth factor clearance from rabbit eyes.

Imaging retinal capillaries using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics.

Population and high-risk group screening for glaucoma: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Increased neovascularization in mice lacking tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3.

Further associations between mutations and polymorphisms in the ABCA4 gene: clinical implication of allelic variants and their role as protector/risk factors.

Experimental investigations of pupil accommodation factors.

Refinement of the X-linked nonsyndromic high-grade myopia locus MYP1 on Xq28 and exclusion of 13 known positional candidate genes by direct sequencing.

Anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a natural angiogenic inhibitor.

The effects of race, optic disc area, age, and disease severity on the diagnostic performance of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Moderate light-induced degeneration of rod photoreceptors with delayed transducin translocation in shaker1 mice.

The effect of hypercarbia and hyperoxia on the total blood flow to the retina as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Sustained antibiotic release from an intraocular lens-hydrogel assembly for cataract surgery.

Image reconstruction of the subbasal nerve plexus with in vivo confocal microscopy.

Diabetes impairs the neuroprotective properties of retinal alpha-crystallins.

Variation in rhodopsin kinase expression alters the dim flash response shut off and the light adaptation in rod photoreceptors.

Interferon-Î³ exacerbates dry eye-induced apoptosis in conjunctiva through dual apoptotic pathways.

Altered blood vessel responses in the eye and finger in coronary artery disease.

Ex vivo expansion of conjunctival and limbal epithelial cells using cord blood serum-supplemented culture medium.

Treatment of inflammatory macular edema with humanized anti-CD11a antibody therapy.

Reticular drusen associated with geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.

Effect of tear hyperosmolarity and signs of clinical ocular surface pathology upon conjunctival goblet cell function in the human ocular surface.

Age and other risk factors for corneal infiltrative and inflammatory events in young soft contact lens wearers from the Contact Lens Assessment in Youth (CLAY) study.

A prototype antifungal contact lens.

Macular pigment optical density is related to blood glutathione levels in healthy individuals.

Choroidal involution is a key component of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Comparison of film and digital fundus photographs in eyes of individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of reading behavior with an infrared eye tracker after 360° macular translocation for age-related macular degeneration.

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) stimulates proliferation and migration of primary keratocytes and conjunctival fibroblasts and inhibits and reverts TGF-beta1-Induced myodifferentiation.

Expression of PDGFR is a determinant of the PVR potential of ARPE19 cells.

Disruption of emmetropization and high susceptibility to deprivation myopia in albino guinea pigs.

VIP and growth factors in the infected cornea.

Early corneal wound healing and inflammatory responses after refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx).

The application of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment responses in Mooren's ulcer.

Comparative transcriptome and network biology analyses demonstrate antiproliferative and hyperapoptotic phenotypes in human keratoconus corneas.

Decoding of temporal visual information from electrically evoked retinal ganglion cell activities in photoreceptor-degenerated retinas.

Relationship between outer retinal thickness substructures and visual acuity in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration.

The influence of corneoscleral topography on soft contact lens fit.

How reliable are tests for trachoma?--a latent class approach.

SSEA4 is a potential negative marker for the enrichment of human corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells.

Effects of foveal ablation on the pattern of peripheral refractive errors in normal and form-deprived infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Characteristics and possible visual consequences of photopsias as vision measures are reduced in retinitis pigmentosa.

In vitro models for glaucoma research: effects of hydrostatic pressure.

The impact of the severity of vision loss on vision-related quality of life in India: an evaluation of the IND-VFQ-33.

Effect of miR-23 on oxidant-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Training in contrast detection improves motion perception of sinewave gratings in amblyopia.

Full-length transcriptome analysis of human retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and Y79 using the vector-capping method.

Characterization of a dominant cone degeneration in a green fluorescent protein-reporter mouse with disruption of Loci associated with human dominant retinal dystrophy.

Diagnostic accuracy of OCT with a normative database to detect diffuse retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy: Diffuse Atrophy Imaging Study.

Hyperoxia therapy of pre-proliferative ischemic retinopathy in a mouse model.

Diurnal variation of retina thickness measured with time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in healthy subjects.

Ocular hypotensive effect of oral palmitoyl-ethanolamide: a clinical trial.

Optical coherence tomography of the swollen optic nerve head: deformation of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium layer in papilledema.

Inhibition of TLR3-mediated proinflammatory effects by Alkylphosphocholines in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Expansion of the CHN1 Strabismus Phenotype

Corneal complications in streptozocin-induced type I diabetic rats.

Combined blockade of VEGFR-3 and VLA-1 markedly promotes high-risk corneal transplant survival.

Fenofibric acid reduces fibronectin and collagen type IV overexpression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown in conditions mimicking the diabetic milieu: functional implications in retinal permeability.

A 112 kb deletion in chromosome 19q13.42 leads to retinitis pigmentosa.

Quantitative evaluation of retinal response to laser photocoagulation using dual-wavelength fundus autofluorescence imaging in a small animal model.

Retinal oximetry in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Ocular perfusion pressure and the incidence of glaucoma: real effect or artifact? The Rotterdam Study.

The impact of acutely elevated intraocular pressure on the porcine optic nerve head.

Associations of physical activity and television viewing time with retinal vascular caliber in a multiethnic Asian population.

Ceramide-1-phosphate, a new mediator of development and survival in retina photoreceptors.

The contribution of the posterior surface to the corneal aberrations in eyes after keratoplasty.

Differential regulations of AQP4 and Kir4.1 by triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone in the healthy and inflamed retina.

The role of Bcl-xL in mouse RPE cell survival.

The role of nonenzymatic glycation and carbonyls in collagen cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus.

Deformation of the rodent optic nerve head and peripapillary structures during acute intraocular pressure elevation.

Reflectance decreases before thickness changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucomatous retinas.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in retinal rod photoreceptors.

Epiretinal membranes and incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in diabetic macular edema, detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

The effect of photo-oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine on complement factor H expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Spry1 and Spry2 are necessary for lens vesicle separation and corneal differentiation.

Toward a clinical protocol for assessing rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the human pupil response.

Increased integration of transplanted CD73-positive photoreceptor precursors into adult mouse retina.

Responses of medial rectus motoneurons in monkeys with strabismus.

Frizzled 4 is required for retinal angiogenesis and maintenance of the blood-retina barrier.

Chronic implantation of newly developed suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation prosthesis in dogs.

Heparan sulfate regulates intraretinal axon pathfinding by retinal ganglion cells.

Large proteoglycan complexes and disturbed collagen architecture in the corneal extracellular matrix of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome).

Macular measurements using optical coherence tomography in healthy Chinese school age children.

Prediction, by retinal location, of the onset of diabetic edema in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Expression profile of the matricellular protein osteopontin in primary open-angle glaucoma and the normal human eye.

Evaluation of proteoglycan gene polymorphisms as risk factors in the genetic susceptibility to high myopia.

Efficacy of pig-to-rhesus lamellar corneal xenotransplantation.

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activation decreases intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Mapping the differential distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the adult human retina, choroid, and sclera.

Human CRB1-associated retinal degeneration: comparison with the rd8 Crb1-mutant mouse model.

The role of Vldlr in intraretinal angiogenesis in mice.

Pseudotyping and culture conditions affect efficiency and cytotoxicity of retroviral gene transfer to human corneal endothelial cells.

Relationship of aqueous outflow resistance to age and total volume perfused in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys.

Contrasting ocular effects of local versus systemic endotoxin.

Progression of age-related geographic atrophy: role of the fellow eye.

Identification of Schlemm's canal and its surrounding tissues by anterior segment fourier domain optical coherence tomography.

Missing optomotor head-turning reflex in the DBA/2J mouse.

Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Î³ agonist, induces dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and potassium channels.

Prevalence, causes, and risk factors for functional low vision in Nigeria: results from the national survey of blindness and visual impairment.

Automatic evaluation of corneal nerve tortuosity in images from in vivo confocal microscopy.

Downregulation of glutamine synthetase via GLAST suppression induces retinal axonal swelling in a rat ex vivo hydrostatic pressure model.

Inhibitory effect of aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.

Biometric features of peripapillary atrophy beta in eyes with high myopia.

Visual functions and interocular interactions in anisometropic children with and without amblyopia.

Heterochromatic flicker electroretinograms reflecting luminance and cone opponent activity in glaucoma patients.

Roles played by toll-like receptor-9 in corneal endothelial cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS1) Inhibits Lymphocyte Recruitment into the Retina and Protects SOCS1 Transgenic Rats and Mice from Ocular Inflammation

Effects of trehalose on VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis and myofibroblast proliferation: implications for glaucoma filtration surgery.

Rates of nonexudative and exudative age-related macular degeneration among Asian American ethnic groups.

Juvenile cataract-associated mutation of solute carrier SLC16A12 impairs trafficking of the protein to the plasma membrane.

Prevalence of corneal dystrophies in the United States: estimates from claims data.

Latency delay of visual evoked potential is a real measurement of demyelination in a rat model of optic neuritis.

Ocular biometry in an urban Indian population: the Singapore Indian Eye Study (SINDI).

Intravitreal concentrations of a near-infrared fluorescence-labeled biotherapeutic determined in situ using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Quality and reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements in two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography machines.

Increased Toll-like receptor-2 expression on nonclassic CD16+ monocytes from patients with inflammatory stage of Eales' disease.

Retinal nerve fiber layer defect and cerebral small vessel disease.

Contribution of Mucoviscosity-Associated Gene A (magA) to Virulence in Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae Endophthalmitis

Long-term changes of the anterior corneal topography after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Application of advanced statistics in ophthalmology.

Diffusion tensor imaging detects retinal ganglion cell axon damage in the mouse model of optic nerve crush.

Spatial distribution of posterior pole choroidal thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Reengineering the glaucoma quality of life-15 questionnaire with rasch analysis.

Patients have two eyes!: binocular versus better eye visual field indices.

Introducing George L. Spaeth, the 2010 recipient of the Weisenfeld Award.

Valid relevance in medical practice: the inadequacy of the linear model of health and disease: the Weisenfeld lecture.

Treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca by parotid duct transposition after tympanic neurectomy in rabbits.

Preferential hyperacuity perimeter as a functional tool for monitoring exudative age-related macular degeneration in patients treated by intravitreal ranibizumab.

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Prevalence, causes, and risk factors for functional low vision in Nigeria: results from the national survey of blindness and visual impairment.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Entekume, Gabriel Murthy, Gudlavalleti V. S. Rabiu, M. Mansur Ezelum, Christian C. Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj Patel, Jaymini Gilbert, Clare E.
Spatial Coverage	Nigeria
Description	Country affiliation: Nigeria Author Affiliation: Entekume G ( Vision Health Services, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.)
Abstract	PURPOSE: To estimate prevalence and describe causes of functional low vision (FLV) among a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adults, assess socioeconomic risk factors, and estimate the number of adults in Nigeria who might benefit from low vision assessment or rehabilitation services. METHODS: Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size procedures were used to identify a nationally representative sample of 15,027 persons aged 40 years or older. Distance vision was measured using a reduced logMAR tumbling E-chart. All participants with presenting acuity of <6/12 in one or both eyes had their corrected acuity measured and underwent detailed clinical examination to determine the cause. FLV was defined as best corrected vision <6/18 in the better eye, after excluding those with no light perception in both eyes and those with treatable causes. Analysis took account of the clustered design. RESULTS: In all, 13,591 individuals were examined in 305 clusters (response rate, 89.9%). The crude prevalence of FLV was 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.1-3.9%). This was lower than the prevalence of blindness, which was 4.2%. Glaucoma was the most common cause and age the most important risk factor. There are estimated to be approximately 5000 adults with FLV per million population and 340 who are totally blind. Only 9.3% of those with FLV were of working age and literate. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first data on the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for FLV from Africa. Results support studies from Asia that the prevalence of FLV is lower than previously thought. Because the majority of adults with FLV in Nigeria live in rural areas and are elderly and not literate, further research is required to assess the nature of the interventions required and who might best deliver them.
ISSN	01460404
e-ISSN	15525783
Journal	Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	52
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Publisher Date	2011-08-24
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Blindness Epidemiology Glaucoma Needs Assessment Statistics & Numerical Data Vision, Low Age Distribution Etiology Educational Status Complications Health Surveys Nigeria Risk Factors Rural Population Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Ophthalmology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ophthalmology Sensory Systems Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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