NDLI: The emergence of new DNA repeats and the divergence of primates.

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Pulsed phytoplankton supply to the rocky subtidal zone: influence of internal waves.

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The emergence of new DNA repeats and the divergence of primates.

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The emergence of new DNA repeats and the divergence of primates.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Minghetti, P. P. Dugaiczyk, A.
Description	Author Affiliation: Minghetti PP ( Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521.);
Abstract	We have identified four genetic novelties that are fixed in specific primate lineages and hence can serve as phylogenetic time markers. One Alu DNA repeat is present in the human lineage but is absent from the great apes. Another Alu DNA repeat is present in the gorilla lineage but is absent from the human, chimpanzee, and orangutan. A progenitor Xba1 element is present in the human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan, but only in the human lineage did it give rise to a transposed progeny, Xba2. The saltatory appearance of Xba2 is an example of a one-time event in the evolutionary history of a species. The enolase pseudogene, known to be present as a single copy in the human, was found to be present in four other primates, including the baboon, an Old World monkey. Using the accepted value of 5 x 10(-9) nucleotide substitutions per site per year as the evolutionary rate for pseudogenes, we calculated that the enolase pseudogene arose approximately 14 million years ago. The calculated age for this pseudogene and its presence in the baboon are incongruent with each other, since Old World monkeys are considered to have diverged from the hominid lineage some 30 million years ago. Thus the rate of evolution in the enolase pseudogene is only about 2.5 x 10(-9) substitutions per site per year, or half the rate in other pseudogenes. It is concluded that rates of substitution vary between species, even for similar DNA elements such as pseudogenes. We submit that new DNA repeats arise in the genomes of species in irreversible and punctuated events and hence can be used as molecular time markers to decipher phylogenies.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	90
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1993-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Primates Genetics Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Animals Biological Evolution Genes Globins Gorilla Gorilla Molecular Sequence Data Pan Troglodytes Polymerase Chain Reaction Pongo Pygmaeus Pseudogenes Comparative Study Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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