NDLI: Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of calcium phosphate-base composite layer on titanium and its alloys via plasma electrolytic oxidation: A review paper.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Rafieerad, A. R. Ashra, M. R. Mahmoodian, R. Bushroa, A. R.
Description	Author Affiliation: Rafieerad AR ( Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia); Ashra MR ( Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: nurulashra@gmail.com.); Mahmoodian R ( Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia); Bushroa AR ( Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Abstract	In recent years, calcium phosphate-base composites, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CA) have been considered desirable and biocompatible coating layers in clinical and biomedical applications such as implants because of the high resistance of the composites. This review focuses on the effects of voltage, time and electrolytes on a calcium phosphate-base composite layer in case of pure titanium and other biomedical grade titanium alloys via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. Remarkably, these parameters changed the structure, morphology, pH, thickness and crystallinity of the obtained coating for various engineering and biomedical applications. Hence, the structured layer caused improvement of the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and assignment of extra benefits for Osseo integration. The fabricated layer with a thickness range of 10 to 20 µm was evaluated for physical, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics via XRD, FESEM, EDS, EIS and corrosion analysis respectively, to determine the effects of the applied parameters and various electrolytes on morphology and phase transition. Moreover, it was observed that during PEO, the concentration of calcium, phosphor and titanium shifts upward, which leads to an enhanced bioactivity by altering the thickness. The results confirm that the crystallinity, thickness and contents of composite layer can be changed by applying thermal treatments. The corrosion behavior was investigated via the potentiodynamic polarization test in a body-simulated environment. Here, the optimum corrosion resistance was obtained for the coating process condition at 500 V for 15 min in Ringer solution. This review has been summarized, aiming at the further development of PEO by producing more adequate titanium-base implants along with desired mechanical and biomedical features.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09284931
Volume Number	57
e-ISSN	18730191
Journal	Materials Science and Engineering: C
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-12-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Materials Science Body Fluids Chemistry Calcium Phosphates Coated Materials, Biocompatible Plasma Gases Titanium Alloys Bone Substitutes Corrosion Electrolysis Hardness Oxidation-reduction Surface Properties Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Mechanics of Materials Biomaterials Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Mechanical Engineering

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