NDLI: Cytotoxicity assessment of functionalized CdSe, CdTe and InP quantum dots in two human cancer cell models.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Liu, Jing Hu, Rui Liu, Jianwei Zhang, Butian Wang, Yucheng Liu, Xin Law, Wing-Cheung Liu, Liwei Ye, Ling Yong, Ken-Tye
Description	Author Affiliation: Liu J ( Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics & Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.); Hu R ( School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.); Liu J ( Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics & Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.); Zhang B ( School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.); Wang Y ( School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.); Liu X ( Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.); Law WC ( Department of Industrial and System Engineering, The Hang Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.); Liu L ( School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, PR China.); Ye L ( Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics & Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China. Electronic address: lye_301@163.com.); Yong KT ( School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Electronic address: ktyong@ntu.edu.sg.)
Abstract	The toxicity of quantum dots (QDs) has been extensively studied over the past decade. Some common factors that originate the QD toxicity include releasing of heavy metal ions from degraded QDs and the generation of reactive oxygen species on the QD surface. In addition to these factors, we should also carefully examine other potential QD toxicity causes that will play crucial roles in impacting the overall biological system. In this contribution, we have performed cytotoxicity assessment of four types of QD formulations in two different human cancer cell models. The four types of QD formulations, namely, mercaptopropionic acid modified CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs (CdSe-MPA), PEGylated phospholipid encapsulated CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs (CdSe-Phos), PEGylated phospholipid encapsulated InP/ZnS QDs (InP-Phos) and Pluronic F127 encapsulated CdTe/ZnS QDs (CdTe-F127), are representatives for the commonly used QD formulations in biomedical applications. Both the core materials and the surface modifications have been taken into consideration as the key factors for the cytotoxicity assessment. Through side-by-side comparison and careful evaluations, we have found that the toxicity of QDs does not solely depend on a single factor in initiating the toxicity in biological system but rather it depends on a combination of elements from the particle formulations. More importantly, our toxicity assessment shows different cytotoxicity trend for all the prepared formulations tested on gastric adenocarcinoma (BGC-823) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines. We have further proposed that the cellular uptake of these nanocrystals plays an important role in determining the final faith of the toxicity impact of the formulation. The result here suggests that the toxicity of QDs is rather complex and it cannot be generalized under a few assumptions reported previously. We suggest that one have to evaluate the QD toxicity on a case to case basis and this indicates that standard procedures and comprehensive protocols are urgently needed to be developed and employed for fully assessing and understanding the origins of the toxicity arising from different QD formulations.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09284931
Volume Number	57
e-ISSN	18730191
Journal	Materials Science and Engineering: C
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-12-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Materials Science Cadmium Compounds Toxicity Cell Survival Drug Effects Indium Neoplasms, Experimental Physiopathology Phosphines Quantum Dots Selenium Compounds Tellurium Apoptosis Cell Line, Tumor Dose-response Relationship, Drug Humans Pathology Toxicity Tests Methods Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Mechanics of Materials Biomaterials Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Mechanical Engineering

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