NDLI: Prevalence and associated risk factors for noma in Nigerian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Eleje, George Uchenna Okoh, Emeka Emmanuel Igbodike, Emeka Philip Akinsolu, Folahanmi Tomiwa Nwaokorie, Francisca Obiageri Lusher, Joanne Marie Tantawi, Maha El Salako, Abideen Olurotimi Ezechi, Oliver Chukwujekwu Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn
Abstract	Objectives To determine the prevalence, case-fatality rate, and associated risk-factors of Noma in children in Nigeria. Methods Search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Data were extraction using a double-blind approach. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted. The study quality was evaluated using standard Critical-Appraisal-Checklist. Results Of the 1652 articles identified, 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria included 871 cases of Noma. Two studies had high-risk of bias and were excluded in the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of Noma was 2.95% (95%CI:2.19–3.71; Z = 7.60; p < 0.00001, I2:100.0). Case fatality was reported in one study. Sex-distribution had a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Malnutrition (88.42%, 95%CI:52.84–124.00; I2:100.0), measles (40.60%; 95% CI:31.56–49.65; I2:100.0) and malaria (30.75%; 95% CI:30.06–31.45; I2:100.0) were the most notable associated risk-factors. Prevalence of Noma was non-significantly lower in southern (1.96%,95%CI:1.49–2.44;6 studies) than in northern (4.43%; 95%CI:-0.98-9.83; 4 studies) Nigeria. One study reported the prevalence of Noma in children younger than 5 years. Conclusions About every 3 in 100 children in Nigeria had Noma and the prevalence was non-significantly higher in northern than southern Nigeria. Malnutrition, measles, and malaria were major associated risk-factors. Case-fatality rate and prevalence based on different age-groups were inconclusive.
Related Links	https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12903-024-04451-y.pdf
Ending Page	14
Page Count	14
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14726831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-024-04451-y
Journal	BMC Oral Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-06-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Nigeria Cancrum oris Stomatitis gangrenosa Case fatality rate Malnutrition Measles Malaria
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Dentistry
Journal Impact Factor	2.6/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.2/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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