NDLI: An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya, between 2018 and 2022

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	van Dijk, Norbert J. Amer, Sherif Mwiti, Daniel Schallig, Henk D. F. H. Augustijn, Ellen-Wien
Abstract	Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a significant public health concern in West Pokot County, Kenya, where a large outbreak between 2020 and 2022 emphasised the need for improved VL control strategies. However, these measures are partially hampered by limited insight into the geographical distribution of cases and localised outbreaks of the disease. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and spatiotemporal patterns of VL in West Pokot between 2018 and 2022, in order to map the spread of VL transmission and identify regions that should be prioritised for control interventions. Methods VL patient demographics and village of residence were retrieved from admission records of Kacheliba Sub-County Hospital in West Pokot, Kenya. The temporal trend in VL admissions between 2018 and 2022 was analysed using seasonal decomposition analysis. To describe the spatial distribution of VL cases, geographic coordinates of villages of residence were collected from pre-established databases, and VL incidence was mapped at the sub-location level. Hotspot analysis was performed per study year to identify villages with high VL incidence, and scan statistics were applied to detect spatiotemporal clusters of VL cases during the study period. Results A total of 1948 VL patients were reported between 2018 and 2022. The annual number of cases increased from 245 in 2019 to 598 in 2022, and VL admissions were generally higher at the start of the wet seasons. 70% of the VL cases could be georeferenced, and mapping of VL incidence revealed high case rates in the east of West Pokot during the complete study period. The eastern villages Lotongot and Chepaywat were marked as VL hotspots at a 99% confidence level in all study years. In addition, five significant spatiotemporal clusters were detected in the east and north, suggestive of local VL outbreaks in these regions. Conclusions The increase in VL hospital admissions during the study period stresses the need for enhanced VL control and outbreak mitigation in West Pokot. These control measures should be focused on the hotspot regions in the east of the county.
Related Links	https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12879-024-10053-4.pdf
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-024-10053-4
Journal	BMC Infectious Diseases
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-10-16
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Medical Microbiology Tropical Medicine Internal Medicine Leishmania donovani Visceral leishmaniasis Spatiotemporal analysis Kenya
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases
Journal Impact Factor	3.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

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