NDLI: Assessing exit screening of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan: an analysis of the airport screening data of passengers from the United Kingdom, 2020

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Liu, Shiqi Anzai, Asami Nishiura, Hiroshi
Abstract	Background Japan implemented strict border control measures and all incoming passengers were subject to entry screening with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing. From late 2020, exit screening within 72 h of departure to Japan also became mandatory. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the exit screening policy in Japan by analyzing airport screening data from October 2020 to April 2022. Methods In addition to assessing entry screening data over time of passengers from the United Kingdom, we examined the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom based on the Office of National Statistics infection survey. We constructed a statistical model that described entry screening positivity over time using Office of National Statistics prevalence data as the explanatory variable. Ideally, the time-dependent patterns of entry screening and Office of National Statistics prevalence data should resemble each other; however, we found that, sometimes, they were different and regarded the difference to statistically partly reflect the effectiveness of exit screening. Results The average proportion positive in one month before mandatory exit screening was implemented among Japanese passengers was 0.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45, 0.98), whereas the proportion positive decreased to 0.49% (95% CI: 0.21, 1.15) in the first month of exit screening. Adjusting for time-dependent prevalence at the origin, we concluded that exit screening contributed to reducing passenger positivity by 59.3% (95% CI: 19.6, 81.3). The overall positivity values among passengers during the Delta and Omicron variant periods were 3.46 times and 1.46 times that during the pre-Delta variant period, respectively. Conclusions We used a simplistic statistical model and empirical data from passengers arriving in Japan from the United Kingdom to support that exit screening helped to reduce the proportion positive by 59%. Although the proportion positive later increased considerably and precluded preventing the introduction of imported cases, submitting a certificate for a negative test result contributed to reducing the positivity among travelers.
Related Links	https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12879-024-09894-w.pdf
Ending Page	10
Page Count	10
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-024-09894-w
Journal	BMC Infectious Diseases
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-09-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Medical Microbiology Tropical Medicine Internal Medicine Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Border control Quarantine Travel Statistical estimation Effectiveness
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases
Journal Impact Factor	3.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023

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