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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Kamps, Ray H. Tatum, Gregg S. Gault, Mike Groeger, Alan W. |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | Goodenough Spring (Texas, USA) is a large spring near the border of the American state of Texas and the Mexican state of Coahuila, discharging into the international Amistad Reservoir on the river Rio Grande (Rio Bravo). Discharge was routinely measured from 1928 until 1968 to partition the flow of the river between the two countries in accordance with water-use treaties. Samples were analyzed for water-quality parameters in 1967–1968 prior to inundation under 45 m of Amistad Reservoir in 1968. Subsequently, discharge has been estimated indirectly by the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC). For the first direct measurements of the spring in 37 years, velocity and cross-sectional measurements were made and water samples collected in the summer of 2005 using advanced self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) techniques. Spring discharge was calculated at 2.03 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$, approximately one-half of the historical mean of 3.94 m$^{3}$ s$^{–1}$. In situ and laboratory analyses of samples for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, alkalinity, nitrate-nitrogen, dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron showed the water quality to be very good for human consumption and crop irrigation. Measurement values are relatively unchanged from those reported 37 years prior.La Source Goodenough (Texas, Etats Unis d’Amérique) est une source importante proche de la frontière entre le Texas et l’état Mexicain de Coahuila se déversant dans le Réservoir Amistad sur la rivière Rio Grande (Rio Bravo). Le débit a été mesuré de façon régulière de 1928 jusqu’en 1968 lors de la répartition du débit de la rivière entre les deux pays selon les traités concernant l’utilisation de l’eau. Des échantillons ont été analysés pour les paramètres de qualité de l’eau en 1967–1968 avant la submersion sous 45 m d’eau du Réservoir Amistad en 1968. Ultérieurement, le débit a été estimé indirectement par la International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC). Pour les premières mesures directes de la source en 37 ans,des mesures de vitesse et de section transversale ont été réalisées et des échantillons d’eau ont été prélevés durant l’été 2005 en utilisant des techniques avancées d’appareils respiratoires subaquatiques autonomes (SCUBA). Le débit de la source a été estimé à 2.03 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$, approximativement la moitié de la moyenne historique de 3.94 m$^{3}$ s$^{–1}$. Des analyses in situ et en laboratoire d’échantillons pour la température, le pH, l’oxygène dissous, la conductance spécifique, l’alcalinité, l’azote des nitrates, les solides dissous, les chlorures, les sulfates, le fluor, le phosphore, le calcium, le sodium, le potassium, le magnésium,et le fer ont montré que la qualité de l’eau est très bonne pour la consommation humaine et l’irrigation des cultures. Les valeurs mesurées sont relativement inchangées par rapport à celles signalées 37 ans plus tôt.Goodenough Spring (Texas, EEUU) es un gran manantial cerca del límite del estado Americano de Texas y al estado mexicano de Coahuila, que descarga en el embalse internacional Amistad sobre el Río Grande (Río Bravo). La descarga fue medida sistemáticamente desde 1928 hasta 1968 para la dividir el flujo del río entre los dos países de acuerdo con los tratados de usos del agua. Se analizaron muestras de los parámetros de calidad en 1967–1968 antes que el embalse Amistad fuera llenado, bajo 45 m, en 1968. Subsecuentemente, la descarga ha sido medida indirectamente por la International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC). En el verano de 2005 fueron realizadas las primeras mediciones directas del manantial en 37 años, incluyendo mediciones de velocidad y de secciones transversales, obteniéndose muestras de aguas, usando técnicas avanzadas de buceo (SCUBA) La descarga del manantial calculada fue de 2.03 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$, aproximadamente la mitad de la media histórica de 3.94 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$. Los análisis de muestras in situ y en laboratorio de temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto, conductividad específica, alcalinidad, nitrógeno–nitrato, sólidos disueltos, cloruro, sulfato, fluoruro, fósforo, calcio, sodio, potasio, magnesio y hierro mostraron que la calidad del agua es muy buena para consumo humano e irrigación de cultivos. Los valores medidos han permanecido relativamente constantes con aquellos reportados los anteriores 37 años.Goodenough泉位于美国德克萨斯州和墨西哥科阿韦拉州边界附近, 排入里奥格兰德 (北布拉沃河) 河上的Amistad跨国水库。根据水利用条约, 两国为分配河水流量, 在1928年至1968年间对流量进行了周期性观测。1967–68年, 在1968年Amistad水库水位低于45m之前, 分析了样品的水质参数。之后, 国际边界与水委员会 (IBWC) 间接对流量进行了评价。作为37年来对泉的第一次直接观测, 进行了流速和断面测量, 2005年夏使用先进的自给式水下呼吸器 (SCUBA) 技术采集了水样。算得泉流量为2.03 m$^{3}$ s$^{-1}$, 约为历史平均值3.94 m$^{3}$s$^{-1}$的一半。在现场和实验室对样品进行了分析, 包括温度、pH值、溶解氧、电导率、碱度、硝态氮、溶解固形物、氯离子、硫酸根、氟、磷、钙、钠、钾、镁和铁, 结果表明水质很好, 适于饮用和作物灌溉。测定值同37年前发表的数据相比基本无变化。A Goodenough Spring (Texas, Estados Unidos da América) é uma grande nascente que ocorre próximo da fronteira entre o estado Americano do Texas e o estado Mexicano de Coahuila, e que descarrega para a albufeira internacional Amistad, no Rio Grande (Rio Bravo). A descarga da nascente foi medida regularmente desde 1928 até 1968 para repartir o caudal do rio entre os dois países de acordo com os tratados de uso da água. Em 1967–1968, antes da submersão, em 1968, sob 45 m de altura de água da albufeira Amistad, foram recolhidas e analisadas amostras da água da nascente, a fim de obter parâmetros da sua qualidade química. Posteriormente, a descarga da nascente foi sendo estimada indirectamente pelo International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC). No verão de 2005, durante as primeiras medições directas efectuadas em 37 anos, realizaram-se medições de velocidade e de secção e foram recolhidas amostras através de técnicas avançadas utilizando equipamento de mergulho. A descarga da nascente foi calculada em 2.03 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$, cerca de metade da média histórica de 3.94 m$^{3 }$s$^{–1}$. As análises in situ e laboratoriais de temperatura, pH, oxigénio dissolvido, condutividade eléctrica, alcalinidade, nitratos-N, sólidos dissolvidos, cloretos, sulfatos, flúor, fósforo, cálcio, potássio, magnésio e ferro mostraram que a qualidade da água apresenta características aceitáveis para consumo humano e irrigação. Os valores medidos permanecem relativamente inalterados face aos valores reportados 37 anos antes. |
| Starting Page | 891 |
| Ending Page | 899 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2008-12-18 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Groundwater flow Groundwater/surface-water relations Goodenough Spring Amistad Reservoir Semi-arid regions Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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