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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Barrez, Frédéric Mania, Jacky |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | Passive multi-level sampling using dialysis membrane diffusion cells is applied to the Chalk aquifer in order to estimate and monitor vertical contaminant distribution. This technique is associated with in situ profiles of field parameters which allow zones of groundwater flow to be established. Through three study cases (confined, semi-confined and unconfined aquifer conditions), the technique shows that vertical chemical heterogeneities are the particular result of flow zonation, or the renewal of water in the upper parts of the aquifer. The aquifer appears stratified or homogeneous according to depth depending on the chemical element being analysed, the sampling period (recharge period or not) and the hydrological situation (unconfined/confined zone). The high vertical resolution of this multi-level sampling also shows the influence of the Chalk lithology on hydrochemical variations, in particular for silica, iron and aluminium, in hardground and marly zones. By using these sampling techniques, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately measuring according to depth certain parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity and the ratios of the major elements, in particular, Na/K, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca. Interpretation of these measurements leads to an understanding of the local hydrodynamic and hydrochemical behaviour of an aquifer, and also allows geological heterogeneities to be located.Un échantillonnage passif multi-niveau utilisant les cellules de dialyse a été appliqué dans un aquifère de craie pour estimer la distribution verticale des contaminants et pour améliorer sa surveillance. Cette technique est associée avec des profils in situ des paramètres de terrain qui permettent de définir les zonations d’écoulement. A travers trois cas d’étude (zones captive, semi-captive et libre), la technique d’échantillonnage montre que les hétérogénéités verticales sont le résultat caractéristique d’une zonation d’écoulement ou un renouvellement de l’eau dans la partie supérieure. L’aquifère apparaît stratifié ou homogène en fonction de la profondeur suivant le type d’élément chimique, la période d’échantillonnage (période de recharge ou non), et la situation hydrologique (zone libre/captive). Finalement, la haute résolution verticale de cet échantillonnage multi-niveaux montre aussi l’intervention de la lithologie de la craie dans les variations hydrochimiques, en particulier pour la silice, le fer et l’aluminium dans les zones de hardground et les zones marneuses. Par ce groupe de techniques de mesures, l’étude souligne l’importance de mesures précises en fonction de la profondeur de certains paramètres tels que la température, la conductivité électrique et les quotients des éléments majeurs, en particulier, Na/K, Mg/Ca et Sr/Ca. Les interprétations de ces mesures donnent accès au comportement hydrodynamique et hydrochimique local d’un aquifère, mais permettent aussi de localiser les hétérogénéités géologiques.Se aplica un muestreo pasivo en distintos niveles usando celdas de diálisis con membranas de difusión en el acuífero Chalk a fin de estimar y monitorear la distribución vertical de contaminantes. Esta técnica con perfiles in situ de parámetros de campo, que permite establecer zonas de flujo subterráneo. Mediante el estudio de tres casos (acuífero confinado, semiconfinado y libre), la técnica demuestra que las heterogeneidades químicas verticales son resultados particulares de la zonación del flujo o de la renovación de agua en los horizontes superiores del acuífero. El acuífero parece estratificado u homogéneo de acuerdo a la profundidad dependiendo del elemento químico analizado, el período de muestreo (período de recarga o no) y la situación hidrológica (zona libre/zona confinada). La alta resolución vertical de los muestreos en distintos niveles muestra la influencia de la litología del acuífero Chalk y las variaciones hidroquímicas, en particular sílice, hierro y aluminio, en zonas de terrenos compactos o margosos. Mediante el uso de las técnicas de muestreo mencionadas, este estudio enfatiza la importancia de las mediciones precisas en profundidad de ciertos parámetros como la temperatura, la conductividad eléctrica y las relaciones de los elementos mayoritarios, en particular Na/K, Mg/Ca y Sr/Ca. La interpretación de estas mediciones conlleva al entendimiento del comportamiento hidrodinámico e hidroquímico local del acuífero, y además permite localizar las heterogeneidades geológicas.利用渗析膜渗滤池对白垩系含水层进行被动多级取样, 以评价和监测污染物在垂向上的分布。该技术联合现场参数剖面确定地下水流分带。在三个研究区 (承压、半承压和潜水含水层) 运用该方法结果表明垂向上的化学非均一性是水流分带造成的, 或是含水层上部的补给决定的。含水层随深度呈现分层或均质, 取决于分析的化学元素、取样时期 (补给期或非补给期) 和水文条件 (潜水/承压区域) 。这种多级取样装置的高垂向分辨率还显示了硬岩层和泥灰岩地区白垩的含量对水化学变化的影响, 特别是对硅、铁和铝的影响。利用这种取样技术, 本研究强调对那些依深度变化的参数进行精确定深测量的重要性, 包括 : 温度、电导率和主要元素比率, 特别是Na/K, Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca。通过测试结果的解释可以了解该地区含水层的水动力和水化学特性,以及地质非均一性。A amostragem passiva multi-nível utilizando células de difusão de membrana de diálise é aplicada ao aquífero “Chalk” para estimar e monitorizar a distribuição vertical do contaminante. Esta técnica está associada com perfis in situ de parâmetros de campo que permitem o estabelecimento de zonas de escoamento de águas subterrâneas. Mediante três casos de estudo (condições de aquífero confinado, semiconfinado e livre), a técnica mostra que as heterogeneidades químicas verticais são o resultado particular do zonamento de fluxo, ou da renovação de água nas partes superiores do aquífero. O aquífero aparece estratificado ou homogéneo de acordo com a profundidade, dependendo do elemento químico em análise, do período de amostragem (período de recarga ou não) e da situação hidrológica (zona livre/confinada). A resolução vertical elevada desta amostragem multi-nível também mostra a influência da litologia do “Chalk” nas variações hidroquímicas, em particular para a sílica, o ferro e o alumínio, em zonas de terreno duro e margoso. Utilizando estas técnicas de amostragem, o estudo enfatiza a importância de medir com exactidão, de acordo com a profundidade, certos parâmetros tais como temperatura, condutividade eléctrica e as relações dos elementos maiores, em particular Na/K, Mg/Ca e Sr/Ca. A interpretação destas medições conduz à compreensão do comportamento hidrodinâmico e hidroquímico local do aquífero, e permite também a localização de heterogeneidades geológicas. |
| Starting Page | 781 |
| Ending Page | 792 |
| Page Count | 12 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2009-01-06 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Chalk aquifer Dialysis membrane diffusion cell Groundwater monitoring Hydrochemistry France Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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