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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Hughes, J. D. Vacher, H. L. Sanford, Ward E. |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed by temperatures, and then by chloride concentrations. The model was constructed using a modified version of SUTRA capable of simulating multi-species heat and solute transport, and was compared to pre-development conditions using hydraulic heads, chloride concentrations, and temperatures from 315 observation wells. Three hypothetical, sinusoidal sea-level changes occurring over 100,000 years were used to evaluate how the simulated aquifer responds to sea-level changes. Model results show that hydraulic head responses lag behind sea-level changes only where the Miocene Hawthorn confining unit is thick and represents a significant restriction to flow. Temperatures equilibrate quickly except where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick and the duration of the sea-level event is long (exceeding 30,000 years). Response times for chloride concentrations to equilibrate are shortest near the coastline and where the aquifer is unconfined; in contrast, chloride concentrations do not change significantly over the 100,000-year simulation period where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick.La modélisation des écoulements et du transport du système du “Floridan aquifer” [aquifère captif qui s’étend sous la Floride], en trois dimension avec effet densitaire montre que les concentrations actuelles en chlorure ne sont pas en équilibre avec le niveau actuel de la mer, et également, que la configuration géométrique de l’aquifère a un impact significatif sur les réponses du système. La modélisation montre que les charges hydrauliques s’équilibrent en premier, suivies des températures, puis des concentrations en chlorure. Le model a été bâtit à partir d’une version modifiée du code SUTRA capable de simuler le transport de plusieurs espèces en solution et le transport de chaleur, et a été comparé à des conditions de pré-développement en utilisant des charges hydrauliques, des températures et des concentration en chlorure provenant de 315 puits d’observations. Trois hypothèses de variation sinusoïdale du niveau de la mer s’étendant sur 100 000 ans ont été utilisées pour évaluer comment l’aquifère réagit à ce changement. Les résultats du modèle montrent que la réaction de la charge hydraulique est en retard sur la variation du niveau de la mer uniquement là où la couche Miocène Hawthorn qui rend l’aquifère captif est épaisse et représente un frein significatif à l’écoulement. Les températures s’équilibrent rapidement sauf lorsque la couche Hawthorn est épaisse et la durée de la variation de niveau de la mer est longue (au-delà de 30 000 ans). Les temps de réponse des concentrations en chlorure pour se mettre en équilibre sont les plus courts à proximité de la cote et aux endroits où l’aquifère est libre. En revanche, les concentrations en chlorure ne changent pas de manière significative sur les 100 000 ans de simulation lorsque la couche Hawthorn est épaisse.La modelación tridimensional y dependiente de la densidad de transporte y flujo del sistema acuífero de Florida, EEUU muestra que las concentraciones actuales de cloruro no están en equilibrio con el nivel del mar actual y, segundo, que la configuración geométrica del acuífero tiene un efecto significativo en las respuestas del sistema. La modelación muestra que la carga hidráulica se equilibra primero, seguida por las temperaturas y luego por las concentraciones de cloruro. El modelo fue construido usando una versión modificada de SUTRA capaz de simular distintas formas de transporte de soluto y calor, y fue comparado con las condiciones previas al desarrollo usando cargas hidráulicas, concentraciones de cloruro y temperatura de 315 pozos de observación. Se usaron tres cambios hipotéticos y sinusoidales del nivel del mar a lo largo de más de 100,000 años para evaluar como el acuífero simulado responde a los cambios del nivel del mar. Los resultados del modelo muestran que las distintas respuestas de la carga hidráulica se retrasan respecto a los cambios de nivel del mar solo donde la unidad confinante Hawthorn miocena es de mayor espesor y representa una significativa restricción para el flujo. Las temperaturas se equilibran rápidamente excepto donde la unidad confinante Hawthorn tiene mayor espesor y la duración del evento del nivel del mar es larga (más de 30,000 años). Los tiempos de respuestas para el equilibro de las concentraciones son más cortos cerca de la línea de costa y donde el acuífero es no confinado, en contraste, las concentraciones de cloruro no cambian significativamente sobre un período de simulación de 100,000 años donde la unidad confinante Hawthorn es de mayor espesor.美国佛罗里达含水层系统基于密度的三维水流和运移模型表明, 现在的氯化物浓度同当前的海平面没有达到平衡; 其次, 含水层的几何结构对系统响应影响很大。模型显示, 水头首先达到平衡, 接着是温度, 然后是氯化物浓度。模型是利用改进的SUTRA建立的, 能够模拟多种热流和溶质运移, 并利用315眼观测井的水头、氯化物浓度和温度数据进行了拟合。假想海平面在100,000年内发生三个正弦变化, 并用此估算含水层对海平面变化的响应。模拟结果表明, 只有中新统Hawthorn隔水层较厚, 对水流阻碍较大时, 水头响应才会滞后于海平面变化。温度会很快达到平衡, 除非Hawthorn隔水层较厚和海平面变化周期很长 (超过30,000年) 。在海岸附近以及含水层具有自由边界的地区, 氯化物浓度达到平衡的响应时间最短。但在Hawthorn隔水层较厚的地区, 氯化物浓度在超过100,000年的模拟期内没有明显变化。A modelação tridimensional do escoamento e transporte dependente da densidade do sistema aquífero Floridan, EUA, mostra que as concentrações de cloreto actuais não se encontram em equilíbrio com o presente nível do mar e, em segundo lugar, que a configuração geométrica do aquífero tem um efeito significativo nas respostas do sistema. A modelação mostra que é o nível piezométrico que se equilibra em primeiro lugar, seguido das temperaturas e depois as concentrações de cloreto. O modelo foi construído utilizando uma versão modificada do SUTRA capaz de simular o transporte de calor e solutos multi-espécie e foi comparado a condições de pré-desenvolvimento utilizando os níveis piezométricos, as concentrações de cloreto e as temperaturas de 315 pontos de observação. Foram utilizadas três alterações hipotéticas sinusoidais do nível do mar ocorrendo durante 100 000 anos para avaliar como o aquífero simulado responde às alterações do nível do mar. Os resultados do modelo mostram que as respostas do nível piezométrico têm um atraso em relação às alterações do nível do mar apenas onde a unidade confinante miocénica de Hawthorn é espessa e representa uma restrição significativa ao escoamento. As temperaturas equilibram-se rapidamente excepto onde a unidade confinante de Hawthorn é espessa e a duração do evento do nível do mar é longa (superior a 30 000 anos). Os tempos de resposta para o equilíbrio das concentrações de cloreto são menores perto da linha de costa e onde o aquífero é livre; em contraste, as concentrações de cloreto não se alteram significativamente ao longo do período de simulação de 100 000 anos onde a unidade confinante de Hawthorn é espessa. |
| Starting Page | 793 |
| Ending Page | 815 |
| Page Count | 23 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2008-12-18 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Coastal aquifers Heterogeneity Salt-water/fresh-water relations Sea-level change USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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