NDLI: Hydrogeologic framework of the Maku area basalts, northwestern Iran

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Asghari Moghaddam, Asghar Fijani, Elham
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	The Maku area in northwestern Iran is characterized by young lava flows which erupted from Mount Ararat in Turkey. These fractured volcanic rocks overlie alluvium associated with pre-existing rivers and form a good basalt-alluvium aquifer over an area of 650 km$^{2}$. Groundwater discharge occurs from 12 large springs, ranging from 20 to 4,000 L s$^{−1}$, and from some extraction wells. Permian and Oligo-Miocene age limestones along the northern boundary of the Bazargan and Poldasht Plains basalts are intensively karstified and groundwater from these high lands easily enters the basalt-alluvium aquifers. The transmissivity of the basalt-alluvium aquifer ranges from 24 to 870 m$^{2}$ d$^{−1}$, indicating heterogeneity. Groundwater of the aquifer is a sodium-bicarbonate and mixed cation-bicarbonate type and the concentration of fluoride is higher than the universal maximum admissible concentrations for drinking. In order to determine the chemical composition and identify the source of the high fluoride concentrations in the groundwater of the basaltic area, water samples from the springs, wells and rivers were analyzed. The results indicate that the high fluoride water enters the study area from the Sari Su River.La zone de Maku au nord ouest de l’Iran est caractérisée par des coulées de lave jeune provenant de l’éruption du Mont Ararat en Turquie. Ces roches volcaniques fracturées sont surmontées par des alluvions associées à des rivières préexistantes qui forment un bon aquifère alluvial basaltique d’extension de 650 km$^{2}$. La décharge des aquifères se fait au travers de 12 sources de 20 à 4,000 L s$^{−1}$ et quelques forages. Les calcaires du Permien et de l’Oligo-Miocène le long de la bordure nord des plaines basaltiques de Bazargan et Poldasht sont fortement karstifiés et ces eaux souterraines des hauts plateaux alimentent de manière importante l’aquifère alluvial basaltique. La transmissivité de l’aquifère alluvial est comprise entre 24 et 870 m$^{2}$ j$^{−1}$, indiquant une forte hétérogénéité. Les eaux souterraines sont de type bicarbonaté-sodique et bicarbonaté - divers cations et les concentrations en fluor sont supérieures à la valeur maximale admissible internationalement pour l’eau potable. Afin de déterminer la composition chimique et d’identifier les sources de fluor des zones basaltiques les eaux aux sources, forages et rivières ont été échantillonnées. Les résultats indiquent que les eaux enrichies en fluor dans l’aquifère étudié proviennent de la rivière Sari Su.El área de Maku en el noroeste de Irán está caracterizada por flujos de lavas recientes que erupcionaron desde el Monte Ararat en Turquía. Estas rocas volcánicas fracturadas se encuentran por encima de aluvios asociados con ríos pre existentes y forman un buen acuífero basáltico – aluvial en un área de 650 km$^{2}$. La descarga de agua subterránea se produce a partir de 12 grandes manantiales, que van de 20 a 4,000 L s$^{−1}$, y a partir de algunos pozos de extracción. Calizas de edad pérmica y oligo – miocénica a lo largo del límite norte de las planicies basálticas de Bazargan y Poldasht están intensamente karstificadas y el agua subterránea de estas tierras altas ingresa fácilmente en el acuífero basáltico – aluvial. La transmisividad del acuífero basáltico aluvial varía desde 24 a 870 m$^{2}$ d$^{−1}$, lo cual indica su heterogeneidad. El agua subterránea del acuífero es de tipo bicarbonatada sódica y bicarbonatada de mezclas de cationes y la concentración de fluoruro es mayor que las concentraciones máximas universales admisibles para agua potable. Con el objeto de determinar la composición química e identificar el origen de las altas concentraciones de fluoruro del área basáltica, se analizaron muestras de agua a partir de los manantiales, pozos y ríos. Los resultados indican que el agua con alto contenido de fluoruro ingresa al área de estudio a partir del Río Sari Su.伊朗西北部的马库地区具有来自土耳其亚拉腊山喷出的年轻熔岩流。这些裂隙火山岩覆盖在先前的河道冲积物之上, 在650 km2的范围内形成了一个很好的玄武岩-冲积物含水层。地下水经由12个大泉排泄, 流量自20至4000 Ls-1, 此外, 还通过若干抽水井进行排泄。沿巴扎尔干和波勒达什特平原玄武岩北部边界的二叠系和渐新—中新统石灰岩强烈喀斯特化, 这些高地上的地下水很容易进入玄武岩-冲积物含水层。玄武岩—冲积物含水层的导水系数在24至870 m2d-1, 表现出非均质性。含水层中的地下水是重碳酸钠或混合阳离子重碳酸盐型, 氟浓度高于通用的饮用水最大允许浓度。为确定玄武岩区地下水的化学成分、查明高浓度氟的来源, 从泉、井和河中采取水样进行了分析。结果表明, 高氟水是由Sari Su河进入研究区的。منطقه ماكو واقع در شمال غرب ايران با جريان گدازه هاي جوان كه از كوه آرارات در تركيه فوران يافته، مشخص شده است. اين سنگهاي ولكانيكي بازالتي رسوبات آبرفتي و رودخانه هاي قديمي را پوشانده و در منطقه¬اي به وسعت 650 كيلومتر مربع آبخوان بازالتي-آبرفتي خوبي را تشكيل داده است. منابع آب زيرزميني منطقه از طريق 12 چشمه بزرگ با متوسط دبي از 20 تا 4000 ليتر بر ثانيه و از تعدادي چاههاي بهره برداري تخليه مي شود. آهكهايي با سن پرمين و اليگو-ميوسن در طول مرز شمالي بازالتهاي دشتهاي بازرگان و پلدشت به شدت كارستي شده و آب زيرزميني از اين مناطق مرتفع به راحتي وارد سفره هاي بازالتي – آبرفتي مي شود. مقادير قابليت انتقال آبخوان آبرفتي – بازالتي از 24 تا 870 متر مربع در روز معرف هتروژنيتي اين سفره مي باشد. تيپ آب زيرزميني اين سفره از نوع سديم- بيكربنات و مخلوط كاتيون- بيكربنات است و غلظت فلوئوريد بيش از ماكزيمم غلظت جهاني قابل قبول براي آب آشاميدني است. براي تعيين تركيب شيميايي و مشخص كردن منبع فلوئوريد با غلظت بالا در آب زيرزميني منطقه بازالتي، نمونه هاي آب از رودخانه ها، چاهها و چشمه هاي موجود در منطقه تهيه و آناليز گرديد. نتايج نشان مي دهد كه فلوئوريد بالا در منابع آب از طريق رودخانه ساري سو به منطقه مورد مطالعه وارد مي شود.A área de Maku, no noroeste do Irão, caracteriza-se por escoadas lávicas recentes provenientes da erupção do Monte Ararat, na Turquia. Estas rochas vulcânicas fracturadas sobrepõem-se a aluviões associados a rios pré-existentes e formam um bom aquífero de basalto-aluvião ao longo de uma área de 650 km$^{2}$. A descarga de águas subterrâneas ocorre a partir de 12 grandes nascentes, variando de 20 a 4,000 L s$^{−1}$, e a partir de alguns poços de extracção. Os calcários de idade Pérmica e Oligo-Miocénica ao longo da fronteira norte dos basaltos das Planícies de Bazargan e Poldasht estão intensamente carsificados e a água subterrânea destas terras altas entra facilmente nos aquíferos de basaltos-aluviões. A transmissividade do aquífero de basalto-aluvião varia de 24 a 870 m$^{2}$ d$^{−1}$, indicando heterogeneidade. A água subterrânea do aquífero é bicarbonatada-sódica e do tipo misto catião-bicarbonato, e a concentração de fluoreto é mais elevada do que as concentrações admissíveis máximas universais para consumo. De forma a determinar a composição química e identificar a origem das concentrações elevadas de fluoreto nas águas subterrâneas do aquífero da área basáltica, analisaram-se amostras de água das nascentes, poços e rios. Os resultados indicam que a água com conteúdo elevado de fluoretos entra na área de estudo a partir do rio Sari Su.
Starting Page	949
Ending Page	959
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-01-09
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Fractured rocks Iran Hydrochemistry Basaltic rocks Hydraulic properties Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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