NDLI: The groundwater age in the Middle-Upper Devonian aquifer system, Lithuania

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mokrik, R. Mažeika, J. Baublytė, A. Martma, T.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	$^{3}$H, δ$^{13}$C and hydrochemical data were used to estimate the corrected groundwater age derived from conventional $^{14}$C age of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The Middle-Upper Devonian aquifer system from the Baltic upland recharge area in eastern Lithuania towards the discharge area on the Baltic Sea coast in the west was considered. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater changes from 300 to 24,000 mg/L and increases downgradient towards the coast. The other major constituents have the same trend as the TDS. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater vary from an alkali-earth carbonates facies at the eastern upland area to an alkali-earth carbonate-sulfate and chloride facies at transit and discharge areas. Meteoric water percolating through the Quaternary and Devonian aquifers regulate the initial $^{14}$C activities of groundwater involving two main members of DIC: soil CO$_{2}$ with modern $^{14}$C activity uptake and dissolution of $^{14}$C-free aquifer carbonates. Other sources of DIC are less common. $^{14}$C activity of DIC in the groundwater ranged from 60 to 108 pMC at the shallow depths. With an increase of the aquifers depth the dolomitization of aqueous solution and leakage of the “old” groundwater from lower aquifers take place, traced by lower activities (7–30 pMC). $^{3}$H, δ$^{13}$C et des données hydrochimiques ont été utilisées pour corriger l’âge de l’eau souterraine provenant d’un âge $^{14}$C normal à partir de carbone inorganique dissous (CID). Le système aquifère Dévonien Moyen-Supérieur de la région de recharge des hautes terres de la Baltique en Lithuanie orientale vers la région de décharge sur la côte de la Mer Baltique à l’Ouest a été examiné. La quantité totale de matière dissoute (TDS) dans l’eau souterraine varie de 300 mg/L à 24,000 mg/L et croît avec la diminution de gradient en direction de la côte. Les autres composants majeurs montrent la même tendance que le TDS. Le faciès hydrochimique de l’eau souterraine varie d’un faciès alcalinoterreux carbonaté dans la région orientale des hautes terres à un faciès alcalinoterreux carbonaté-sulfaté et chloré dans les régions de transit et de décharge. L’eau météorique percolant à travers les aquifères Quaternaire et Dévonien régule les activités $^{14}$C initiales de l’eau souterraine impliquant deux éléments principaux du CID : le CO$_{2}$ du sol avec un apport moderne d’activité $^{14}$C et la dissolution des carbonates de l’aquifère dépourvu de $^{14}$C. D’autres sources de CID sont moins courantes. L’activité $^{14}$C du CID dans l’eau souterraine allait de 60 à 108 pMC aux faibles profondeurs. Avec un accroissement de la profondeur des aquifères la dolomitisation de la solution aqueuse et la drainance de l’eau souterraine « ancienne » à partir d’aquifères inférieurs a lieu, repérés par des activités plus basses (7–30 pMC). $^{3}$H, δ$^{13}$C sowie hydrochemische Daten wurden genutzt, um Korrekturen des Grundwasseralters, basierend auf dem konventionellen $^{14}$C-Alter des gelösten anorganischen Kohlenstoffs (DIC), abzuschätzen. Berücksichtigt wurde das Aquifersystem des mittleren oberen Devons von den Grundwasserbildungsgebieten des baltischen Hochlandes im östlichen Litauen bis zu den Grundwasserverlustgebieten entlang der Ostseeküste. Die Konzentration der totalen gelösten Stoffe (TDS) im Grundwasser schwankt zwischen 300 und 24,000 mg/L. Die Konzentration der TDS nimmt zur Küste hin beständig zu. Die weiteren Komponenten des Wassers haben denselben Trend wie die TDS. Die hydrochemischen Fazies des Grundwassers variieren von einer Alkalierde-Karbo-nat-Fazies im östlichen Hochland zu einer Alkalierde-Karbonat-Sulfat- und Chlorid-Fazies in den Grundwassertransit- und Verlustgebieten. Meteorologisches Wasser, welches durch die quartären und devonischen Grundwasserleiter perkoliert, reguliert die initialen $^{14}$C-Aktivitäten des Grund- wassers durch die beiden größten Gruppen des DIC: Das Boden-Kohlendioxid mit der Aufnahme der heutigen $^{14}$C-Aktivität, sowie die Lösung von $^{14}$C-freien Aquifer-Karbonaten. Andere Quellen von DIC sind weniger verbreitet. Die $^{14}$C-Aktivität von DIC im Grundwasser bewegt sich zwischen 60 und 108 pMC in den flacheren Bereichen. Mit einer Zunahme der Grundwassertiefe findet die Dolomitisierung der wässrigen Lösung, sowie ein Eindringen von “älterem” Grundwasser aus tieferen Grundwasserleitern statt, was mit niedri-geren Aktivitäten (7–30 pMC) einhergeht.Se utilizaron datos de $^{3}$H, δ$^{13}$C e hidroquímicos fueron utilizados para estimar la edad corregida de las aguas subterráneas derivada de la edad convencional $^{14}$C de carbono inorgánico disuelto. Se consideró el sistema acuífero medio–superior Devónico desde el área de recarga en las zonas altas del Báltico en el Este de Lituania hacia el área de descarga en la costa del Mar Báltico, en el oeste. La concentración de sólidos disueltos totales (TDS) en las aguas subterráneas cambia desde 300 a 24,000 mg/L y se incrementa gradiente abajo hacia la costa. Los otros constituyente mayoritarios tienen la misma tendencia que la TDS. Las facies hidroquímicas de las aguas subterráneas varían desde facies carbonáticas alcalino-térreas en las zonas altas a facies cloruradas y sulfatadas-carbonatadas alcalino-térreas en las áreas de conducción y descarga. EL agua meteórica que percola a través de los acuíferos Cuaternario y Devónico regula por la actividad inicial del $^{14}$C de las aguas subterráneas que involucra dos miembros principales de de carbono inorgánico disuelto: CO$_{2}$ del suelo con captación de actividad moderna de $^{14}$C y la disolución de $^{14}$C libre en los carbonatos de los acuíferos. Otras fuentes de carbono inorgánico disuelto son menos comunes. La actividad de carbono inorgánico disuelto de $^{14}$C en las aguas subterráneas osciló entre 60 a 108 pMC a profundidades someras. Al aumentar la profundidad de los acuíferos se produce la dolomitización de las soluciones acuosas y la filtración de aguas subterráneas antiguas desde acuíferos menos profundos, lo que está indicado por las menores actividades (7–30 pMC).Foram utilizados valores de $^{3}$H, δ$^{13}$C e dados hidroquímicos para estimar a idade corrigida da água subterrânea obtida pelo método convencional de $^{14}$C do carbono inorgânico dissolvido (CID). O sistema aquífero Devónico Médio-Superior foi analisado desde a área de recarga, localizada nas terras altas do Báltico, no leste da Lituânia, até à zona de descarga na costa do mar Báltico, a oeste. A concentração de sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT) na água subterrânea varia de 300 a 24,000 mg/L, aumentando desde a zona de recarga até à zona de descarga, na costa. Os outros componentes maioritários apresentam uma tendência semelhante à dos SDT. A fácies hidroquímica da água subterrânea varia de alcalino-terrosa carbonatada, na zona oriental de maior altitude, a alcalino-terrosa carbonatada-sulfatada e cloretada nas zonas intermédia e de descarga. A água meteórica que circula através dos aquíferos quaternários e devónicos regula as actividades iniciais de $^{14}$C da água subterrânea, envolvendo dois componentes principais do CID: o CO$_{2}$ do solo com adição de $^{14}$C moderno e a dissolução de carbonatos do aquífero, isentos de $^{14}$C. Outras fontes de CID são menos comuns. A baixa profundidade, as actividades de $^{14}$C do CID da água subterrânea variam entre 60 e 108 pMC. Com o aumento da profundidade dos aquíferos, ocorre dolomitização da solução aquosa e drenância de águas subterrâneas antigas provenientes de aquíferos mais profundos, que são traçadas pelas baixas actividades (7–30 pMC)
Starting Page	871
Ending Page	889
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-12-07
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater age Hydrochemical facies Stable isotopes Middle-Upper Devonian aquifer systems Lithuania Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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