NDLI: Record efficiencies for dry processed cadmium free CIGS solar cells with indium sulfide buffer layers prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD)

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Naghavi, N. Spiering, S. Powalla, M. Lincot, D.
Copyright Year	2003
Description	Author affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Anal., CNRS, Paris, France (Naghavi, N.)
Abstract	CIGS based solar cells are presently excellent candidates for a new generation of large scale and low-cost photovoltaic thin film modules. To allow exclusively vacuum processing, a dry alternative for the buffer layer deposition is desirable. For environmental reasons, it is also desirable to get Cd-free devices. Atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD or ALD) is a technique ensuring conformal growth of thin films from the vapor phase in a scalable manner. This paper presents optimization studies on the formation of In/sub 2/S/sub 3/ buffer layers by ALD for high efficiency CIGS thin film solar cells. The main parameters investigated are the deposition temperature (between 150 and 260/spl deg/C) and the effect of the thickness of the buffer (15 nm and 30 nm), on growth rates, properties of the films and solar cells parameters. The highest efficiency of 16.4% has been obtained at 220/spl deg/C for a layer thickness of 30 nm. Diffusion of copper and sodium has been evidenced by XPS measurements which may have a positive role in the junction formation processes. The importance of interface chemistry for dry buffer is underlined.
Starting Page	340
Ending Page	343
File Size	314271
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	4990181603
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2003-05-11
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	PVSEC Advisory Committee
Subject Keyword	Cadmium compounds Photovoltaic cells Indium Buffer layers Atomic layer deposition Solar power generation Transistors Large-scale systems Photovoltaic systems Chemical vapor deposition
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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