NDLI: Adaptive image watermarking based on a dynamic fuzzy inference system

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Sakr, N. Jiying Zhao Groza, V.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Sch. of Inf. Technol. & Eng., Ottawa Univ., Ont. (Sakr, N.; Jiying Zhao; Groza, V.)
Abstract	In this paper, a novel image watermarking algorithm is introduced that consists of an adaptive watermarking algorithm based on the human visual system (HVS) model and a dynamic fuzzy inference system (DFIS). This scheme relies on the DFIS to extract the human eye sensitivity knowledge using the HVS model. The DFIS and the HVS combined are used to adjust and select the appropriate watermark strength for each pixel in an image. The main goal of the algorithm is to provide a more robust and imperceptible watermark. The aforementioned has been implemented and tested under various attacks including image compression, cropping, and additive noise distortion. The results achieved demonstrate that the watermark can survive these attacks while remaining imperceptible. The primary contribution of this adaptive watermarking scheme is introducing the DFIS to extract with good precision the image characteristics by means of the HVS model
Starting Page	976
Ending Page	979
File Size	833851
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780388852
ISSN	08407789
DOI	10.1109/CCECE.2005.1557139
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-05-01
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Watermarking Fuzzy systems Inference algorithms Humans Visual system Pixel Noise robustness Testing Image coding Additive noise
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hardware and Architecture

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