NDLI: Cardiovascular risk factor distribution and subjective risk estimation in urban women – The BEFRI Study: a randomized cross-sectional study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine Seeland, Ute Kendel, Friederike Rücke, Mirjam Flöel, Agnes Gaissmaier, Wolfgang Heim, Christine Schnabel, Renate Stangl, Verena Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
Abstract	Background Awareness represents a major modulator for the uptake of preventive measures and healthy life-style choices. Women underestimate the role of cardiovascular diseases as causes of mortality, yet little information is available about their subjective risk awareness. Methods The Berlin Female Risk Evaluation (BEFRI) study included a randomized urban female sample aged 25–74 years, in which 1,066 women completed standardized questionnaires and attended an extensive clinical examination. Subjective estimation was measured by a 3-point Likert scale question asking about subjective perception of absolute cardiovascular risk with a 10 year outlook to be matched to the cardiovascular risk estimate according to the Framingham score for women. Results An expected linear increase with age was observed for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and vascular compliance measured by pulse pressure. Knowledge about optimal values of selected cardiovascular risk factor indicators increased with age, but not the perception of the importance of age itself. Only 41.35% of all the participants correctly classified their own cardiovascular risk, while 48.65% underestimated it, and age resulted as the most significant predictor for this subjective underestimation (OR = 3.5 for age >50 years compared to <50, 95% CI = 2.6–4.8, P <0.0001). Therefore, although socioeconomic factors such as joblessness (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.6, P <0.0001) and combinations of other social risk factors (low income, limited education, simple job, living alone, having children, statutory health coverage only; OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, P = 0.009) also significantly influenced self-awareness, age appeared as the strongest predictor of risk underestimation and at the same time the least perceived cardiovascular risk factor. Conclusions Less than half of the women in our study population correctly estimated their cardiovascular risk. The study identifies age as the strongest predictor of risk underestimation in urban women and at the same time as the least subjectively perceived cardiovascular risk factor. Although age itself cannot be modified, our data highlights the need for more explicit risk counseling and information campaigns about the cardiovascular relevance of aging while focusing on measures to control coexisting modifiable risk factors.
Related Links	https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12916-015-0304-9.pdf
Ending Page	9
Page Count	9
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17417015
DOI	10.1186/s12916-015-0304-9
Journal	BMC Medicine
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2015-03-16
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medicine Public Health Biomedicine Awareness Cardiovascular disease Health literacy Prevention Risk factors Women Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	7.1/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	8.8/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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