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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Rozell, Daniel J. Wong, Teng fong |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | Rising sea levels due to climate change are expected to negatively impact the fresh-water resources of small islands. The effects of climate change on Shelter Island, New York State (USA), a small sandy island, were investigated using a variable-density transient groundwater flow model. Predictions for changes in precipitation and sea-level rise over the next century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 report were used to create two future climate scenarios. In the scenario most favorable to fresh groundwater retention, consisting of a 15% precipitation increase and 0.18-m sea-level rise, the result was a 23-m seaward movement of the fresh-water/salt-water interface, a 0.27-m water-table rise, and a 3% increase in the fresh-water lens volume. In the scenario supposedly least favorable to groundwater retention, consisting of a 2% precipitation decrease and 0.61-m sea-level rise, the result was a 16-m landward movement of the fresh-water/salt-water interface, a 0.59-m water-table rise, and a 1% increase in lens volume. The unexpected groundwater-volume increase under unfavorable climate change conditions was best explained by a clay layer under the island that restricts the maximum depth of the aquifer and allows for an increase in fresh-water lens volume when the water table rises.L’élévation des niveaux marins due au changement climatique est supposée impacter négativement la ressource en eau douce des petites îles. Les effets du changement climatique sur Shelter Island, Etat de New York (USA), une petite île sablonneuse, ont été étudiés en régime transitoire avec un modèle d’écoulement de nappe à densité variable. Les prévisions de changement des précipitations et d’élévation du niveau marin au cours du prochain siècle selon le Rapport du Comité Intergouvernemental de 2007 sur le Changement Climatique ont été utilisées pour simuler deux scénarios climatiques futurs. Dans le scénario le plus favorable à la rétention d’eau douce par la nappe, consistant en 15 % d’augmentation des précipitations et 0.18 m d’élévation du niveau marin, le résultat est un déplacement de 23 m de l’interface eau douce/eau marine en direction de la mer, et une augmentation de 3 % du volume d’eau douce. Dans le scénario supposé le moins favorable à l’emmagasinement d’eau douce, consistant en une diminution de 2 % des précipitations et à une élévation de 0.61 m du niveau marin, le résultat est un déplacement de 16 m de l’interface eau douce/eau salée en direction de l’intérieur de l’île, une élévation de 0.59 m de la surface libre de la nappe et une augmentation de 1 % du volume de la lentille. L’augmentation inattendue du volume de l’aquifère dans des conditions de changement climatique défavorable a été expliquée au mieux par l’existence d’un horizon argileux sous l’île limitant la profondeur maximale de l’aquifère permettant une augmentation du volume d’eau douce accompagnant l’élévation de la nappe.Se presupone que el ascenso del nivel del mar debido al cambio climático impactará negativamente en los recursos de agua dulce de las islas pequeñas. Se investigaron los efectos del cambio climático en Shelter Island, Estado de Nueva York (EEUU), una pequeña isla arenosa, usando un modelo de flujo subterráneo transitorio de densidad variable. Se utilizaron las predicciones en los cambios en la precipitación y el ascenso del nivel del mar durante el próximo siglo según el informe del Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático 2007 para crear dos futuros escenarios de cambios climáticos. En el escenario más favorable a la retención de agua subterránea dulce, consistente en un 15% de incremento en la precipitación y un ascenso del nivel del mar de 0.18 m, el resultado fue un movimiento de la interfase agua dulce / agua salada de 23 m en dirección hacia el mar, un ascenso del nivel freático de 0.27 m, y un 3% de incremento en el volumen de la lente de agua dulce. En el escenario supuestamente menos favorable a la retención de agua subterránea, consistente de un 2 % de disminución en la precipitación y un ascenso del nivel del mar de 0.61 m, el resultado fue un movimiento de la interfase agua dulce / agua salada de 16 m hacia el interior de la isla, un ascenso del nivel freático de 0.59 m, y 1% de incremento en el volumen de las lentes. El inesperado incremento del volumen de agua subterránea bajo las condiciones de cambio climático desfavorables fue mejor explicado por una capa de arcilla bajo las islas que restringe la profundidad máxima del acuífero y permite un incremento en el volumen de las lentes de agua dulce cuando el nivel freático se eleva.摘要 : 气候变化导致的海平面上升会对小岛屿上的淡水资源构成威胁。利用变密度瞬态地下水流模型研究了气候变化对美国纽约州一个砂质小岛Shelter岛的影响。政府间气候变化专门委员会2007年报告中关于下个世纪对降水和海平面上升的预测被用来建立两个未来气候情景。在最有利于保持地下淡水的情况下, 即降水增加15%和海平面上升0.18 m, 结果是淡水/咸水界面向海方向运动23m, 地下水位上升0.27m以及淡水透镜体含水量增加3%。在最不利于保持地下淡水的情况下, 即降水减少2%和海平面升高0.61 m, 结果是淡水/咸水界面向陆地方向运动16m, 地下水位上升0.59m以及透镜体含水量增加1%。不利的气候变化条件下地下水水量的增加最好的解释是, 小岛下的粘土层限制了含水层的最大埋深, 使地下水位上升时淡水透镜体含水量增加。É esperado que o aumento do nível das águas do mar devido às alterações climáticas tenha um impacte negativo nos recursos hídricos doces de pequenas ilhas. Os efeitos das alterações climáticas na ilha de Shelter, uma pequena ilha arenosa do estado de Nova Iorque (EUA), foram analisados com um modelo de águas subterrâneas de densidade variável e em regime transitório. Para criar dois cenários de alteração do clima, foram utilizadas as previsões para o próximo século do relatório “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007” relativas à precipitação e ao aumento do nível médio das águas do mar. No cenário mais favorável para a manutenção das águas subterrâneas, que consiste em 15% de aumento da precipitação e 0.18 m de aumento do nível médio das águas do mar, o resultado foi um deslocamento da interface água doce-água salgada de 23 m em direcção ao mar, um aumento do nível piezométrico de 0.27 m, e um aumento de 3% do volume da lentícula de água doce. No cenário julgado como mais desfavorável para a manutenção de águas subterrâneas, que consiste num decréscimo de 2% da precipitação e num aumento de 0.61 m do nível médio da água do mar, o resultado foi um deslocamento de 16 m da mesma interface para o interior, um aumento do nível piezométrico em 0.59 m, e 1% de aumento do volume da lente de água doce. O aumento inesperado do volume de águas subterrâneas num cenário desfavorável de alterações climáticas foi explicado através da presença de uma camada argilosa sob a ilha que restringe a profundidade máxima do aquífero, e permitiu um aumento do volume da lentícula de água doce quando o nível piezométrico sobe. |
| Starting Page | 1657 |
| Ending Page | 1665 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2010-06-23 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Climate change Coastal aquifers Salt-water/fresh-water relations USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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