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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Maurice, L. Robertson, A. R. White, D. Knight, L. Johns, T. Edwards, F. Arietti, M. Sorensen, J. P. R. Weitowitz, D. Marchant, B. P. Bloomfield, J. P. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | The Chalk is an important water supply aquifer, yet ecosystems within it remain poorly understood. Boreholes (198) in seven areas of England (UK) were sampled to determine the importance of the Chalk aquifer as a habitat, and to improve understanding of how species are distributed. Stygobitic macro-invertebrates were remarkably common, and were recorded in 67 % of boreholes in unconcealed Chalk, although they were not recorded in Chalk that is concealed by low-permeability strata and thus likely to be confined. Most species were found in shallow boreholes (<21 m) and boreholes with deep (>50 m) water tables, indicating that the habitat is vertically extensive. Stygobites were present in more boreholes in southern England than northern England (77 % compared to 38 %). Only two species were found in northern England compared to six in southern England, but overall seven of the eight stygobitic macro-invertebrate species found in England were detected in the Chalk. Two species are common in southern England, but absent from northern England despite the presence of a continuous habitat prior to the Devensian glaciation. This suggests that either they did not survive glaciations in the north where glaciers were more extensive, or dispersal rates are slow and they have never colonised northern England. Subsurface ecosystems comprising aquatic macro-invertebrates and meiofauna, as well as the microbial organisms they interact with, are likely to be widespread in the Chalk aquifer. They represent an important contribution to biodiversity, and may influence biogeochemical cycles and provide other ecosystem services.La craie est un aquifère important pour l’alimentation en eau, pourtant les écosystèmes qu’elle abrite demeurent mal compris. Des forages (198) dans sept régions d’Angleterre (UK) ont été échantillonnés pour déterminer l’importance de l’aquifère de la Craie en tant qu’habitat, et pour améliorer la connaissance sur le mode de distribution des espèces. Les macro-invertébrés stygobies sont relativement communs: ils ont été rencontrés dans 67 % des forages dans la craie sans couverture, mais on ne les a pas trouvé dans la Craie recouverte par une couche de faible perméabilité et susceptible d’être captive. La plupart des espèces a été rencontrée à la fois dans des forages peu profonds (<21 m) et des forages où la nappe est profonde (>50 m), indiquant que l’habitat s’étend verticalement. Les stygobies étaient d’avantage présents dans les régions du Sud de l’Angleterre que dans celles du Nord (77 % respectivement 38 %). Seulement deux espèces ont été trouvées dans le Nord de l’Angleterre par rapport à six dans le Sud, mais au total, sept espèces de macro-invertébrés stygobies sur huit trouvées en Angleterre l’ont été dans la Craie. Deux espèces sont communes dans le Sud de l’Angleterre, mais absentes du Nord, malgré la présence d’un habitat continu, antérieur à la glaciation Devensienne. Cela suggère soit qu’elles n’ont pas survécu aux glaciations dans le Nord, où les glaciers étaient plus étendus, soit que les vitesses de dispersion sont lentes et qu’elles n’ont jamais colonisé le Nord de l’Angleterre. Les écosystèmes de sub-surface, comprenant les macro-invertébrés aquatiques et la méiofaune, ainsi que les organismes microbiens avec lesquels ils interagissent, sont susceptibles d’être répandus dans l’aquifère de la Craie. Ils représentent une importante contribution à la biodiversité et peuvent influencer les cycles biogéochimiques et procurer d’autres services écosystémiquesEl Chalk es un importante acuífero de abastecimiento de agua, sin embargo, los ecosistemas dentro de él siguen siendo poco conocidos. Se tomaron muestras en pozos (198) en siete áreas de Inglaterra (Reino Unido) para determinar la importancia del acuífero Chalk como un hábitat, y para mejorar la comprensión de cómo se distribuyen las especies. Los macroinvertebrados Stygobitic fueron notablemente comunes, y se registraron en el 67 % de los pozos no ocultos del Chalk, aunque no se registraron en el Chalk que se oculta por los estratos de baja permeabilidad y por lo tanto con alta probabilidad de ser confinado. La mayoría de las especies se encontraron en perforaciones con niveles freáticos someros (<21 m) y profundos (>50 m), lo que indica que el hábitat es verticalmente extenso. Los Stygobites estaban presentes en más pozos en el sur que en el norte de Inglaterra (77 % frente a 38 %). Sólo se encontraron dos especies en el norte de Inglaterra en comparación con seis en el sur, pero en general siete de las ocho especies de macro-invertebrados stygobitic encontradas en Inglaterra se detectaron en la Chalk. Dos especies son comunes en el sur de Inglaterra, pero están ausentes en el norte de Inglaterra a pesar de la presencia de un hábitat continuo antes de la glaciación Devensiana. Esto sugiere que, o bien ellos no sobrevivieron glaciaciones en el norte, donde los glaciares eran más extensos, o los ritmos de dispersión son lentos y nunca han colonizado el norte de Inglaterra. Los ecosistemas del subsuelo comprenden macro-invertebrados acuáticos y meiofauna, así como los organismos microbianos que interactúan, es probable que sean muy extendidas en el acuífero de Chalk. Ellos representan una contribución importante a la biodiversidad, y pueden influir en los ciclos biogeoquímicos y proporcionar otros servicios a los ecosistemas.白垩层是重要的供水含水层,但是其内部的生态系统仍然鲜为人知。对英国7个地区的(198个)钻孔进行了采样,以确定白垩层含水层作为气息地的重要性并且增进了解了物种是怎么样分布的。Stygobitic(洞穴生物)巨型无脊椎动物非常常见,在未埋藏的白垩层钻孔中,67%发现有此类物种, 尽管在低渗透性地层封闭的、很可能是承压的白垩层中没有发现此类物种。大多数物种出现于浅层钻孔(21 m)及水位深(>50 m)的钻孔中,表明栖息地是垂向广泛分布的。英格兰南部与英格兰北部相比,南部有更多的钻孔发现有Stygobites(77%比38%)。只有两个物种发现于英格兰北部,而南部发现有六个物种,但英格兰发现的八个 Stygobitic大型无脊椎动物物种只有七中在白垩层中检测到。两个物种在英格兰南部非常普遍,但在北部缺失,尽管在末期冰期之前存在着连续的栖息地。这表明他们不是在冰川分布较广的北部幸免于冰川作用,就是分散率太低,从来没有居住在英格兰北部。包括水生大型无脊椎动物和小型底栖生物以及与其进行反应的微生物的地表以下态系统很可能在白垩含水层中广泛分布。他们对生物多样性作出了重要贡献,可能影响着生物地球化学循环,并且提供着其他生态系统服务项目 。O Cré é um aquífero importante para o abastecimento de água, no entanto os ecossistemas que suporta são ainda pouco conhecidos. Foram recolhidas amostras em furos (198) de sete áreas na Inglaterra (Reino Unido) de forma a determinar a importância do aquífero do Cré como habitat e melhorar a compreensão sobre a distribuição das espécies. Macroinvertebrados de água subterrânea foram surpreendentemente comuns, tendo sido registados em 67 % dos furos de zonas em que o Cré é aflorante, no entanto não houveram registos em furos onde o Cré se encontra sobreposto por camadas pouco permeáveis e onde provavelmente é confinado. A maioria das espécies foram encontradas em furos pouco profundos (<21 m) e em furos com níveis freáticos profundos (>50 m), indicando que o habitat é verticalmente extenso. Estigobiontes foram mais presentes em furos no sul do que no norte da Inglaterra (77 % em comparação com 38 %). Apenas duas espécies foram detectadas no norte de Inglaterra, em comparação com seis encontradas no sul, no entanto no total das oito espécies de estigobiontes macro-invertebrados de água subterrânea conhecidas na Inglaterra, sete foram detectadas no Cré. Duas espécies são comuns no sul da Inglaterra, mas ausentes no norte, apesar da presença de um habitat contínuo no período anterior à glaciação Devensiana. Isto sugere que ou não sobreviveram às glaciações no norte, onde os glaciares foram mais extensos, ou que a sua dispersão é lenta e que ainda não colonizaram o norte da Inglaterra. Ecossistemas subterrâneos compostos por macro-invertebrados aquáticos e meiofauna, tal como organismos microbiais com os quais interagem, são provavelmente prevalecentes no aquífero do Cré. Estes representam uma importante contribuição para a biodiversidade e poderão influenciar ciclos biogeoquímicos e fornecer outros serviços ecossistêmicos. |
| Starting Page | 459 |
| Ending Page | 474 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2015-11-11 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Ecology Stygobite Groundwater ecosystem Chalk UK Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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