NDLI: Criticality stacks:identifying critical threads in parallel programs using synchronization behavior

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Volume 41, Issue 5, December 2013

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Continuous real-world inputs can open up alternative accelerator designs

Understanding and mitigating refresh overheads in high-density DDR4 DRAM systems

Agile, efficient virtualization power management with low-latency server power states

Microarchitectural mechanisms to exploit value structure in SIMT architectures

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Exploring memory consistency for massively-threaded throughput-oriented processors

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On the feasibility of online malware detection with performance counters

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Deconfigurable microprocessor architectures for silicon debug acceleration

An experimental study of data retention behavior in modern DRAM devices

Secure I/O device sharing among virtual machines on multiple hosts

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DNA-based molecular architecture with spatially localized components

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An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file architecture for GPGPU

CPU transparent protection of OS kernel and hypervisor integrity with programmable DRAM

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Non-race concurrency bug detection through order-sensitive critical sections

Thin servers with smart pipes

Improving memory scheduling via processor-side load criticality information

SIMD divergence optimization through intra-warp compaction

Resilient die-stacked DRAM caches

Criticality stacks

Volume 41, Issue 2, May 2013

Volume 41, Issue 1, March 2013

Criticality stacks:identifying critical threads in parallel programs using synchronization behavior

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Eeckhout, Lieven Du Bois, Kristof Sartor, Jennifer B. Eyerman, Stijn
Abstract	Analyzing multi-threaded programs is quite challenging, but is necessary to obtain good multicore performance while saving energy. Due to synchronization, certain threads make others wait, because they hold a lock or have yet to reach a barrier. We call these critical threads, i.e., threads whose performance is determinative of program performance as a whole. Identifying these threads can reveal numerous optimization opportunities, for the software developer and for hardware. In this paper, we propose a new metric for assessing thread criticality, which combines both how much time a thread is performing useful work and how many co-running threads are waiting. We show how thread criticality can be calculated online with modest hardware additions and with low overhead. We use our metric to create criticality stacks that break total execution time into each thread's criticality component, allowing for easy visual analysis of parallel imbalance. To validate our criticality metric, and demonstrate it is better than previous metrics, we scale the frequency of the most critical thread and show it achieves the largest performance improvement. We then demonstrate the broad applicability of criticality stacks by using them to perform three types of optimizations: (1) program analysis to remove parallel bottlenecks, (2) dynamically identifying the most critical thread and accelerating it using frequency scaling to improve performance, and (3) showing that accelerating only the most critical thread allows for targeted energy reduction.
Starting Page	511
Ending Page	522
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01635964
DOI	10.1145/2508148.2485966
Journal	ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (CARN)
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1981-04-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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