NDLI: 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity.

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Identification of the slow reacting substances from cat paws.

Products of reaction catalyzed by purified rat liver guanylate cyclase determined by 31p NMR spectroscopy.

Nucleotide sequence of a cloned structural gene coding for a precursor of pancreatic somatostatin.

Regulation of insulin receptors: evidence for involvement of an endocytotic internalization pathway.

Complementation of arylsulfatase A in somatic hybrids of metachromatic leukodystrophy and multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder fibroblasts.

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Direct observation of the torsional dynamics of DNA and RNA by picosecond spectroscopy.

Rate-limiting steps in RNA chain initiation.

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NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of human fibroblast interferon.

Variations in properties of virus released from morphologically different cell lines transformed in vitro by Friend leukemia virus.

Elongation of primed DNA templates by eukaryotic DNA polymerases.

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Differential efficacies of human type I and type II interferons as antiviral and antiproliferative agents.

Spontaneous production of human interferon.

Human leukocyte interferon: structural and biological relatedness to adrenocorticotropic hormone and endorphins.

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Comparison of two delta-crystallin genes in the chicken.

Calcium-dependent hormonal regulation of amino acid transport and cyclic AMP accumulation in rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures.

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4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity.

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4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Sawyer, T. K. Heward, C. B. Burnett, J. B. Hadley, M. E. Hruby, V. J. Sanfilippo, P. J. Engel, M. H.
Abstract	alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) reversibly darkens frog skins by stimulating melanosome movement (dispersion) within melanophores. Heat-alkali treatment of alpha-MSH results in prolonged biological activity of the hormone. Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of the hydrolyzed heat-alkali-treated peptide revealed partial racemization particularly at the 4(methionine) and 7(phenylalanine) positions. [Nle4]-alpha-MSH, a synthetic analogue of alpha-MSH, reversibly darkens frog skins and also exhibits prolonged activity after heat-alkali treatment. Synthesis of [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH provided an analogue with prolonged biological activity identical to that observed with heat-alkali-treated alpha-MSH or [Nle4]-alpha-MSH. [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH was resistant to enzymatic degradation by serum enzymes. In addition, this peptide exhibited dramatically increased biological activity as determined by frog skin bioassay, activation of mouse melanoma adenylate cyclase, and stimulation of mouse melanoma cell tyrosinase activity. This Nle4, D-Phe7 synthetic analogue of alpha-MSH is a very porent melanotropin, 26 times as potent as alpha-MSH in the adenylate cyclase assay. The resistance of the peptide to enzymatic degradation and its extraordinarily potent and prolonged biological activity should make this analogue of alpha-MSH an important molecular probe for studying the melanotropin receptors of both normal and abnormal (melanoma) melanocytes.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	77
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1980-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones Analogs & Derivatives Alpha-MSH Animals Biological Assay Cells, Cultured Chemical Phenomena Chemistry Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Chemical Synthesis Melanoma Enzymology Monophenol Monooxygenase Metabolism Structure-Activity Relationship Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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