NDLI: Stochastic free energy transduction.

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Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene.

Endonuclease-resistant apyrimidinic sites formed by neocarzinostatin at cytosine residues in DNA: evidence for a possible role in mutagenesis.

Defective macromolecule biosynthesis and cell-cycle progression in a mammalian cell starved for mevalonate.

Cell-type-specific receptors for alpha-fetoprotein in a mouse T-lymphoma cell line.

Human T-lymphocyte response in vitro to synthetic peptides of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D.

Isolation and characterization of an RNA-proteolipid complex associated with the malignant state in humans.

A monoclonal antibody against human thrombospondin inhibits platelet aggregation.

Immunological properties of the Gag protein p24 of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus (human T-cell leukemia virus type III).

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Antibodies to synthetic peptides as probes for the binding site on the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor.

Evidence that receptors mediating central synaptic potentials extend beyond the postsynaptic density.

Batrachotoxin changes the properties of the muscarinic receptor in rat brain and heart: possible interaction(s) between muscarinic receptors and sodium channels.

Cell cycle-dependent variations in the distribution of the nuclear protein cyclin proliferating cell nuclear antigen in cultured cells: subdivision of S phase.

Pertussis toxin inhibits chemotactic peptide-stimulated generation of inositol phosphates and lysosomal enzyme secretion in human leukemic (HL-60) cells.

Regulation of expression from the glnA promoter of Bacillus subtilis requires the glnA gene product.

Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site.

1H homonuclear editing of rat brain using semiselective pulses.

A cosmid vector that facilitates restriction enzyme mapping.

Phosphorylation of DNA topoisomerase II by casein kinase II: modulation of eukaryotic topoisomerase II activity in vitro.

Beta-endorphin-(1-27) is a naturally occurring antagonist to etorphine-induced analgesia.

Evidence for conduction of protons along the interface between water and a polar lipid monolayer.

The rate-determining step in cAMP-mediated exocytosis in the rat parotid and submandibular glands appears to involve analogous 26-kDa integral membrane phosphoproteins.

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alpha and beta subunits of allophycocyanin from the cyanelle genome of Cyanophora paradoxa.

Mitochondrial modulation of maternally transmitted antigen: analysis of cell hybrids.

Friend murine leukemia virus-immortalized myeloid cells are converted into tumorigenic cell lines by Abelson leukemia virus.

Chromosomal assignments of the genes coding for human types II, III, and IV collagen: a dispersed gene family.

A systematic study of HLA class II-beta DNA restriction fragments in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Genes for respiratory chain proteins and ribosomal RNAs are present on a 16-kilobase-pair DNA species from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondria.

Relative rates of homologous and nonhomologous recombination in transfected DNA.

Analysis of DNA haplotypes suggests a genetic predisposition to trisomy 21 associated with DNA sequences on chromosome 21.

Generation of a dominant 8-MDa deletion at the left terminus of vaccinia virus DNA.

Isolation of a gene enhancer within an amplified inverted duplication after 'expression selection'.

Expression of a second Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen in mouse cells after gene transfer with a cloned fragment of the viral genome.

Nucleotide sequence and structure of the human apolipoprotein E gene.

T-cell receptor gene rearrangements as markers of lineage and clonality in T-cell neoplasms.

The postsynaptic density: a possible role in long-lasting effects in the central nervous system.

Characterization of cultured rat oligodendrocytes proliferating in a serum-free, chemically defined medium.

Ultrashort-loop positive feedback of corticotropin (ACTH)-releasing factor to enhance ACTH release in stress.

Mechanism of activation of the heme-stabilized translational inhibitor of reticulocyte lysates by calcium ions and phospholipid.

Genetic rearrangement of DNA induces knots with a unique topology: implications for the mechanism of synapsis and crossing-over.

A cII-dependent promoter is located within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda.

Murine interferon-beta receptor-mediated endocytosis and nuclear membrane binding.

Basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans are concentrated in the laminae rarae and in podocytes of the rat renal glomerulus.

Dual role for Escherichia coli RecA protein in SOS mutagenesis.

A glycolipid antigen specific to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: structure and antigenicity.

Simultaneous comparison of three protein sequences.

Electrostatic influence on energetics of electron transfer reactions.

Phosphorylation of hydroxylysine residues in collagen synthesized by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

Developmentally regulated expression of a chicken muscle-specific gene in stably transfected rat myogenic cells.

Nucleotide sequence of the satellite of peanut stunt virus reveals structural homologies with viroids and certain nuclear and mitochondrial introns.

A dimer of AraC protein contacts three adjacent major groove regions of the araI DNA site.

Structure of human ferritin light subunit messenger RNA: comparison with heavy subunit message and functional implications.

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Organization of the human transferrin gene: direct evidence that it originated by gene duplication.

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the luminescent protein aequorin.

Identification of the calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase.

Enzyme-catalyzed processes in organic solvents.

Animal cell mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.

Separation of endogenous calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent kinases from microtubule preparations.

Rapid processing of the carboxyl terminus of a trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein.

Stochastic free energy transduction.

A neutron diffraction study on the location of the polyene chain of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin.

Structure of the actin-myosin complex in the presence of ATP.

Maintenance of differentiated rat hepatocytes in primary culture.

Directed elongation model for microtubule GTP hydrolysis.

Cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in embryonic and extraembryonic tissue lineages of mouse embryos.

Differential expression of mitochondrial genes between life cycle stages of Trypanosoma brucei.

Human alpha 1(III) and alpha 2(V) procollagen genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 2.

Incomplete X chromosome dosage compensation in chorionic villi of human placenta.

Efficient generation of antibodies to oncoproteins by using synthetic peptide antigens.

DNA sequence and characterization of human class II major histocompatibility complex beta chains from the DR1 haplotype.

Gene organization of DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex.

A frameshift mutation in the pre-S region of the human hepatitis B virus genome allows production of surface antigen particles but eliminates binding to polymerized albumin.

Thrombus radioimmunoscintigraphy: an approach using monoclonal antiplatelet antibody.

Toward an analogue of alcoholism in mice: criteria for recognition of pharmacologically motivated drinking.

Generation of functional clonal cell lines from human bone marrow stroma.

Neuronal traits of clonal cell lines derived by fusion of dorsal root ganglia neurons with neuroblastoma cells.

Is an acetylcholine transport system responsible for nonquantal release of acetylcholine at the rodent myoneural junction?

Production of plasminogen activator in cultures of superior cervical ganglia and isolated Schwann cells.

Analysis of cDNA clones specific for human T cells and the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell receptor heterodimer from a human T-cell line.

Nucleotide sequence of an HLA-DQ alpha chain derived from a DRw9 cell line: genetic and evolutionary implications.

Rapid 'footprinting' on supercoiled DNA.

Amino acid sequence of a variant pro-form of insulin-like growth factor II.

Preferential orientation of centrioles toward the heart in endothelial cells of major blood vessels is reestablished after reversal of a segment.

A defective phage system reveals bacteriophage T4 replication origins that coincide with recombination hot spots.

High-frequency meiotic gene conversion between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes in yeast.

A high-efficiency cloning system for single hapten-specific B lymphocytes that is suitable for assay of putative growth and differentiation factors.

Catalytic unit of adenlyate cyclase: purification and identification by affinity crosslinking.

Sequence context effects in DNA replication blocks induced by aflatoxin B1.

Covalent modification of the iron protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum by adenosine diphosphoribosylation of a specific arginine residue.

A second tRNA binding site on elongation factor Tu is induced while the factor is bound to the ribosome.

Interleukin 3 promotes erythroid burst formation in 'serum-free' cultures without detectable erythropoietin.

Biphasic pattern of histone gene expression during Drosophila oogenesis.

Human lambda light-chain constant region gene CMor lambda: the primary structure of lambda VI Bence Jones protein Mor.

Focal smooth muscle proliferation in the aortic intima produced by an initiation-promotion sequence.

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Stochastic free energy transduction.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Westerhoff, H. V. Chen, Y.
Abstract	Theoretical free-energy coupling systems in which the free energy coupling intermediate (e.g., the proton) occurs only in small numbers of molecules per coupling unit are shown to exhibit a number of peculiar properties: (i) the reactions involving the intermediates do not follow conventional kinetic (or nonequilibrium thermodynamic) rate laws in terms of the average concentration or chemical potential of the intermediate, (ii) the variation of the output reaction rate with the average intermediate concentration (or apparent chemical potential) is not unequivocal but depends on whether the input reaction or the leak is varied to alter that concentration, and (iii) when the apparent free energy contained in the average concentration of the intermediate is compared with the average free energy recovered in the output reaction, apparent violations of the second law of thermodynamics can occur. These phenomena are reminiscent of experimental observations in proton-linked free-energy transducing systems that suggest a more direct coupling between electron transfer chains and H+-ATPases than only through a bulk proton gradient, delta muH. Consequently, the chemiosmotic coupling theory can account for those observations if it limits the number of free energy coupling protons per chemiosmotic coupling unit to small values.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	82
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1985-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Electron Transport Mitochondria Physiology Oxidative Phosphorylation Adenosine Triphosphate Biosynthesis Membrane Potentials Osmosis Stochastic Processes Thermodynamics Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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