NDLI: Grass genomes.

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Plant genomics and our food supply: an introduction.

Comparative genetics in the grasses.

Down-regulation of RFL, the FLO/LFY homolog of rice, accompanied with panicle branch initiation.

Toward a plant genomics initiative: thoughts on the value of cross-species and cross-genera comparisons in the grasses.

Plant genomics: more than food for thought.

Assisting developing countries toward food self-reliance.

Toward a successful multinational crop plant genome initiative.

Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways.

Genome projects and gene pools: new germplasm for plant breeding?

Relationships of cereal crops and other grasses.

Plant genome values: how much do we know?

Importance of anchor genomes for any plant genome project.

Functional genomics: probing plant gene function and expression with transposons.

The rice genome project in Japan.

Potentials of the National Corn Genome Initiative.

Targeted disruption of the HFE gene.

Enzyme engineering reaches the boiling point.

A base called J.

Optimal modulation of a Brownian ratchet and enhanced sensitivity to a weak external force.

Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies.

Antagonism of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Engineering an enzyme to resist boiling.

CREB-binding protein cooperates with transcription factor GATA-1 and is required for erythroid differentiation.

A highly conserved lysine residue on the head domain of type II keratins is essential for the attachment of keratin intermediate filaments to the cornified cell envelope through isopeptide crosslinking by transglutaminases.

Inhibition of translation and bacterial growth by peptide nucleic acid targeted to ribosomal RNA.

Domain requirements for the Dock adapter protein in growth- cone signaling

Retrotransposon R1Bm endonuclease cleaves the target sequence.

A cysteine-rich domain of the 'mannose' receptor mediates GalNAc-4-SO4 binding.

Codominant interference, antieffectors, and multitarget drugs.

A family of transketolases that directs isoprenoid biosynthesis via a mevalonate-independent pathway.

Cloning and characterization of a gene from Escherichia coli encoding a transketolase-like enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.

A method for assaying intestinal brush-border sucrase in an intact intestinal preparation.

Evolutionary matches of enzyme and transporter capacities to dietary substrate loads in the intestinal brush border.

CREB-binding protein in androgen receptor-mediated signaling.

Peroxisomal D-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: resolution of the enzyme defect and its molecular basis in bifunctional protein deficiency.

Integration of the Tetrahymena group I intron into bacterial rRNA by reverse splicing in vivo.

Reversible dissociation of coatomer: functional characterization of a beta/delta-coat protein subcomplex.

A cofactor, TIP30, specifically enhances HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription.

Sequence-specific ligation of DNA using RecA protein.

In vitro selection of a purine nucleotide-specific hammerheadlike ribozyme.

SR proteins are sufficient for exon bridging across an intron.

Aggregation of the human high affinity immunoglobulin G receptor (FcgammaRI) activates both tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled phosphoinositide 3-kinase isoforms.

Accelerated reaction of nitric oxide with $O_{2}$ within the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes

Isotope exchange studies on the Escherichia coli selenophosphate synthetase mechanism.

Changes in solvation during DNA binding and cleavage are critical to altered specificity of the EcoRI endonuclease.

A dynamic model for PC4 coactivator function in RNA polymerase II transcription

Daidzin and its antidipsotropic analogs inhibit serotonin and dopamine metabolism in isolated mitochondria.

Amine binding and oxidation at the catalytic site for photosynthetic water oxidation.

Evidence for distinct mechanisms of transition state stabilization of GTPases by fluoride.

Germacrene C synthase from Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry tomato: cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of the multiple product sesquiterpene cyclase.

A serine cluster prevents recycling of the V2 vasopressin receptor.

Brome mosaic virus RNA replication protein 1a dramatically increases in vivo stability but not translation of viral genomic RNA3.

Cleaving DNA with DNA.

A poly(A) binding protein functions in the chloroplast as a message-specific translation factor.

Junction ribonuclease: an activity in Okazaki fragment processing.

Oxa1p, an essential component of the N-tail protein export machinery in mitochondria.

High-throughput genetic analysis using microfabricated 96-sample capillary array electrophoresis microplates.

Structure comparison of human glioma pathogenesis-related protein GliPR and the plant pathogenesis-related protein P14a indicates a functional link between the human immune system and a plant defense system.

Protein hydration in solution: Experimental observation by x-ray and neutron scattering

Evidence for the load-dependent mechanical efficiency of individual myosin heads in skeletal muscle fibers activated by laser flash photolysis of caged calcium in the presence of a limited amount of ATP.

Vesicles on strings: morphological evidence for processive transport within the Golgi stack.

Stabilization and activation of p53 are regulated independently by different phosphorylation events.

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncogenes abrogate radiation-induced DNA damage responses in vivo through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways.

The yeast nascent polypeptide-associated complex initiates protein targeting to mitochondria in vivo.

BRCA1 regulates p53-dependent gene expression.

Alterations in NF-kappaB function in transgenic epithelial tissue demonstrate a growth inhibitory role for NF-kappaB.

Presence and phosphorylation of transcription factors in developing dendrites.

Hsp70 accumulation in chondrocytic cells exposed to high continuous hydrostatic pressure coincides with mRNA stabilization rather than transcriptional activation

Differential regulation by estrogens of growth and prolactin synthesis in pituitary cells suggests that only a small pool of estrogen receptors is required for growth.

RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for primordial germ cell development.

Skeletal overgrowth in transgenic mice that overexpress brain natriuretic peptide.

Isolation of a Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate homeobox gene Rx and its possible role in brain and eye development.

Protein kinase A directly regulates the activity and proteolysis of cubitus interruptus.

Modification of expression and cis-regulation of Hoxc8 in the evolution of diverged axial morphology.

Chromosomal drive and the evolution of meiotic nondisjunction and trisomy in humans.

beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil is a conserved DNA modification in kinetoplastid protozoans and is abundant in their telomeres.

Aging, mating, and the evolution of mtDNA heteroplasmy in Drosophila melanogaster

Evolutionary analyses of the 12-kDa acidic ribosomal P-proteins reveal a distinct protein of higher plant ribosomes

Ectopic induction of Clb2 in early G1 phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The partial tandem duplication of ALL1 (MLL) is consistently generated by Alu-mediated homologous recombination in acute myeloid leukemia.

The Ig mutator is dependent on the presence, position, and orientation of the large intron enhancer.

Overexpression of the SUP45 gene encoding a Sup35p-binding protein inhibits the induction of the de novo appearance of the [PSI+] prion.

SHOT, a SHOX-related homeobox gene, is implicated in craniofacial, brain, heart, and limb development.

Targeted deletion of Smad4 shows it is required for transforming growth factor beta and activin signaling in colorectal cancer cells.

An additional role for the F-box motif: Gene regulation within the Neurospora crassa sulfur control network

Both allelic variation and expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts of Hsr-omega are closely associated with thermal phenotype in Drosophila.

Cdkn2a, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor encoding p16INK4a and p19ARF, is a candidate for the plasmacytoma susceptibility locus, Pctr1.

Induction of transporter associated with antigen processing by interferon gamma confers endothelial cell cytoprotection against natural killer-mediated lysis.

Prevention of Th2-mediated murine allergic airways disease by soluble antigen administration in the neonate.

The paired Ig-like receptor PIR-B is an inhibitory receptor that recruits the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax protein trans-activates interleukin 15 gene transcription through an NF-kappaB site.

CD81 on B cells promotes interleukin 4 secretion and antibody production during T helper type 2 immune responses.

Frequent occurrence of deletions and duplications during somatic hypermutation: implications for oncogene translocations and heavy chain disease.

The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the host response to Coxsackievirus myocarditis

Gene therapy with a single chain interleukin 12 fusion protein induces T cell-dependent protective immunity in a syngeneic model of murine neuroblastoma.

Immunization against rabies with plant-derived antigen.

Two distinct pathways of positive selection for thymocytes.

HFE gene knockout produces mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis.

Fatty acid-induced beta cell apoptosis: a link between obesity and diabetes.

Mice with type 2 and 3 Gaucher disease point mutations generated by a single insertion mutagenesis procedure.

A simplified system for generating recombinant adenoviruses.

Modulation of GTPase activity of G proteins by fluid shear stress and phospholipid composition.

Vaccination with an attenuated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strain prevents expression of a virulent agent.

Ectopic expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III in transgenic hepatocytes disrupts apolipoprotein B secretion and induces aberrant cellular morphology with lipid storage.

Model studies directed toward the application of boron neutron capture therapy to rheumatoid arthritis: boron delivery by liposomes in rat collagen-induced arthritis.

Identification of a substrate-targeting domain in cyclin E necessary for phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein.

Synchronicity of frequently sampled, 24-h concentrations of circulating leptin, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol in healthy women.

Natriuretic peptide receptor 1 expression influences blood pressures of mice in a dose-dependent manner

Angiotensin-converting enzyme and male fertility.

Acceleration of amyloid protein A amyloidosis by amyloid-like synthetic fibrils.

Identification in a pseudoknot of a U.G motif essential for the regulation of the expression of ribosomal protein S15.

The chemotaxis system, but not chemotaxis, is essential for swarming motility in Escherichia coli.

A substrate of the centisome 63 type III protein secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium is encoded by a cryptic bacteriophage.

Receptor-triggered membrane association of a model retroviral glycoprotein.

A splicing variant of a death domain protein that is regulated by a mitogen-activated kinase is a substrate for c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the human central nervous system.

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation.

Allosteric modulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors increases activity of the promoter for the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM.

Bcl-xL protects adult septal cholinergic neurons from axotomized cell death.

Overrepresentation of horizontal and vertical orientation preferences in developing ferret area 17.

Genomic sequences of aldolase C (Zebrin II) direct lacZ expression exclusively in non-neuronal cells of transgenic mice.

Unequal representation of cardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex.

Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on astrocyte glutamate uptake: implications for lentivirus-induced central nervous system diseases.

Hypoalgesia in mice with a targeted deletion of the tachykinin 1 gene.

Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia.

Chronic lithium treatment robustly protects neurons in the central nervous system against excitotoxicity by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium influx.

Expression of Q227L-galphas in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells inhibits tumorigenesis.

Point mutations in segment I-S6 render voltage-gated $Na^{+}channels$ resistant to batrachotoxin

Peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts: therapeutics for peroxynitrite-mediated pathology.

Prevention of renovascular and cardiac pathophysiological changes in hypertension by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antisense gene therapy

New findings of the correlation between acupoints and corresponding brain cortices using functional MRI.

Chloride channel and chloride conductance regulator domains of CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Fatty acids suppress voltage-gated $Na^{+}$ currents in HEK293t cells transfected with the α-subunit of the human cardiac $Na^{+}$ channel

Enhancement of blue-light sensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings by a blue light receptor cryptochrome 2.

Response regulators implicated in His-to-Asp phosphotransfer signaling in Arabidopsis.

Abscisic acid signal transduction in the barley aleurone is mediated by phospholipase D activity.

Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words.

Comparison of the auditory systems of heterosexuals and homosexuals: click-evoked otoacoustic emissions.

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Grass genomes.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Chen, M. Bennetzen, J. L. Sanmiguel, P. Avramova, Z. Tikhonov, A. Francki, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Bennetzen JL ( Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392, USA.);
Abstract	For the most part, studies of grass genome structure have been limited to the generation of whole-genome genetic maps or the fine structure and sequence analysis of single genes or gene clusters. We have investigated large contiguous segments of the genomes of maize, sorghum, and rice, primarily focusing on intergenic spaces. Our data indicate that much (>50%) of the maize genome is composed of interspersed repetitive DNAs, primarily nested retrotransposons that insert between genes. These retroelements are less abundant in smaller genome plants, including rice and sorghum. Although 5- to 200-kb blocks of methylated, presumably heterochromatic, retrotransposons flank most maize genes, rice and sorghum genes are often adjacent. Similar genes are commonly found in the same relative chromosomal locations and orientations in each of these three species, although there are numerous exceptions to this collinearity (i.e., rearrangements) that can be detected at the levels of both the recombinational map and cloned DNA. Evolutionarily conserved sequences are largely confined to genes and their regulatory elements. Our results indicate that a knowledge of grass genome structure will be a useful tool for gene discovery and isolation, but the general rules and biological significance of grass genome organization remain to be determined. Moreover, the nature and frequency of exceptions to the general patterns of grass genome structure and collinearity are still largely unknown and will require extensive further investigation.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	95
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1998-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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