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Immune surveillance against a solid tumor fails because of immunological ignorance.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Zinkernagel, R. M. Ludewig, B. Karrer, U. Klenerman, P. Ochsenbein, A. F. Hengartner, H. Pericin, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Ochsenbein AF ( Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. aochsenb@pathol.unizh.ch);
Abstract	Many peripheral solid tumors such as sarcomas and carcinomas express tumor-specific antigens that can serve as targets for immune effector T cells. Nevertheless, overall immune surveillance against such tumors seems relatively inefficient. We studied immune surveillance against a s.c. sarcoma expressing a characterized viral tumor antigen. Surprisingly, the tumor cells were capable of inducing a protective cytotoxic T cell response if transferred as a single-cell suspension. However, if they were transplanted as small tumor pieces, tumors readily grew. Tumor growth correlated strictly with (i) failure of tumor cells to reach the draining lymph nodes and (ii) absence of primed cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells were not tolerant or deleted because a tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response was readily induced in lymphoid tissue by immunization with virus or with tumor cells even in the presence of large tumors. Established tumors were rejected by vaccine-induced effector T cells if effector T cells were maintained by prolonged or repetitive vaccination, but not by single-dose vaccination. Thus, in addition to several other tumor-promoting parameters, some antigenic peripheral sarcomas-and probably carcinomas-may grow not because they anergize or tolerize tumor-specific T cells, but because such tumors are immunologically dealt with as if they were in a so-called immunologically privileged site and are ignored for too long.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	96
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1999-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Fibrosarcoma Immunology Homeodomain Proteins Immunologic Surveillance T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Animals Antigens, Neoplasm Antigens, Viral Bone Marrow Cells Cytology Clonal Anergy Dendritic Cells Pathology Genetics Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immunotherapy Lymphocyte Depletion Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Nude Mice, Transgenic Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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