NDLI: Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences

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Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences

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Retraction. (Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Volume: 97 Issue: 4)

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Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Steinberger, R. E. Beukes, N. J. Gutzmer, J. Gaidos, E. J. Bertani, L. E. Kirschvink, J. L. Maepa, L. N.
Description	Author Affiliation: Kirschvink JL ( Division of Geological Sciences, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. kirschvink@caltech.edu);
Abstract	Geological, geophysical, and geochemical data support a theory that Earth experienced several intervals of intense, global glaciation ('snowball Earth' conditions) during Precambrian time. This snowball model predicts that postglacial, greenhouse-induced warming would lead to the deposition of banded iron formations and cap carbonates. Although global glaciation would have drastically curtailed biological productivity, melting of the oceanic ice would also have induced a cyanobacterial bloom, leading to an oxygen spike in the euphotic zone and to the oxidative precipitation of iron and manganese. A Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth at 2.4 Giga-annum before present (Ga) immediately precedes the Kalahari Manganese Field in southern Africa, suggesting that this rapid and massive change in global climate was responsible for its deposition. As large quantities of O(2) are needed to precipitate this Mn, photosystem II and oxygen radical protection mechanisms must have evolved before 2.4 Ga. This geochemical event may have triggered a compensatory evolutionary branching in the Fe/Mn superoxide dismutase enzyme, providing a Paleoproterozoic calibration point for studies of molecular evolution.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	97
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2000-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Climate Earth (Planet) Evolution, Molecular Africa Bacteria Cyanobacteria Ice Manganese Molecular Sequence Data Oceans And Seas Oxygen Phylogeny Superoxide Dismutase Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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