NDLI: Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in vegetables and fish raised in wastewater irrigated fields and stabilization ponds during a non-cholera outbreak period in Morogoro, Tanzania: an environmental health study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Hounmanou, Yaovi M. G. Mdegela, Robinson H. Dougnon, Tamègnon V. Mhongole, Ofred J. Mayila, Edward S. Malakalinga, Joseph Makingi, George Dalsgaard, Anders
Abstract	Background Cholera, one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, remains rampant and frequent in Tanzania and thus hinders existing control measures. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in wastewater, fish and vegetables during a non-outbreak period in Morogoro, Tanzania. Methods From October 2014 to February 2015, 60 wastewater samples, 60 fish samples from sewage stabilization ponds and 60 wastewater irrigated vegetable samples were collected. Samples were cultured for identification of V. cholerae using conventional bacteriological methods. Isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae by detection of the outer membrane protein gene (ompW) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were further tested for antibiotic susceptibility and presence of virulence genes including, cholera enterotoxin gene (ctx), the toxin co-regulated pilus gene (tcpA) and the haemolysin gene (hlyA). Results The prevalence of V. cholerae in wastewater, vegetables and fish was 36.7, 21.7 and 23.3 %, respectively. Two isolates from fish gills were V. cholerae O1 and tested positive for ctx and tcpA. One of these contained in addition the hlyA gene while five isolates from fish intestines tested positive for tcpA. All V. cholerae isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and some to tetracycline, but sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our results show that toxigenic and drug-resistant V. cholerae O1 species are present and persist in aquatic environments during a non-cholera outbreak period. This is of public health importance and shows that such environments may be important as reservoirs and in the transmission of V. cholerae O1.
Related Links	https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13104-016-2283-0.pdf
Ending Page	8
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17560500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-016-2283-0
Journal	BMC Research Notes
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2016-10-18
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biomedicine Medicine Public Health Life Sciences Vibrio cholerae O1 Wastewater Fish Vegetables Antibiotic susceptibility Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	1.6/2023

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