NDLI: Beverage consumption among adults in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada prior to the implementation of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Zaltz, Daniel A. Prowse, Rachel Yi, Yanqing O’Dea, Jessica Harding, Scott V.
Abstract	Background Lawmakers in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) recently passed Canada’s first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax. SSB tax evaluations rely on detailed understandings of beverage consumption patterns prior to policy implementation, but there is no recent literature about such patterns among NL residents during the pre-tax period. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of NL adults ages 19 and older and measured participant characteristics via online surveys and beverage intake via previously-validated, semi-quantitative beverage frequency questionnaires. We generated inverse probability weights of sample selection using the Canadian Census as a representative reference sample. We described the weighted prevalence and intake among consumers of taxable SSBs (e.g., regular pop), non-taxable SSBs (e.g., sweetened milk), diet (non-nutritive sweetened) beverages and unsweetened beverages (including 100% juice). We explored weighted bivariate associations between consumption of beverages and sociodemographic characteristics identified as potential correlates of SSB intake. Results The sample (n = 1233) was 65% female, 57% between ages 30–59 years, and nearly all (94%) white. More than half (57.3%) consumed taxable SSBs weekly, and 23.2% consumed non-taxable SSBs weekly. The most-consumed (highest volume) taxable SSB was regular pop (weighted mean (SD) 2.3 (3.5) L/week); the most-consumed non-taxable SSB was sweetened, flavoured milk (mean (SD) 1.2 2.0) L/week). We found independent differences in consumption patterns (prevalence, mean intake among consumers) across each beverage category. People who were younger, had fewer years of education, reported income below the poverty threshold, or reported experiencing food insecurity had a higher prevalence and mean intake among consumers of taxable SSBs. People with fewer years of education or those who reported experiencing food insecurity had a lower prevalence and mean intake among consumers of unsweetened beverages. Conclusions Our findings align with prior studies of socioeconomic position and SSB consumption in Canada, which collectively demonstrate that, on average, those with less education and income consume more SSBs and fewer unsweetened beverages. This research provides necessary understanding of social patterning of beverage consumption in NL prior to tax implementation. Post-tax evaluations of this policy should investigate potential impacts of the tax on diet and health equity, as well as potential beverage substitutions towards other beverage categories.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-025-22432-w.pdf
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-025-22432-w
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	25
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-03-31
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Sugar-sweetened beverage tax Health equity Canada Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

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