NDLI: An ecological study of COVID-19 outcomes among Florida counties

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Ali, Sobur Azarian, Taj
Abstract	Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, Florida reported some of the highest numbers of cases and deaths in the US; however, county-level variation in COVID-19 outcomes has yet to be comprehensively investigated. The present ecological study aimed to assess correlates of COVID-19 outcomes among Florida counties that explain variation in case rate, mortality rate, and case fatality rate (CFR) across pandemic waves. Method We obtained county-level administrative data and COVID-19 case reports from public repositories. We tested spatial autocorrelation to assess geographic clustering in COVID-19 case rate, mortality rate, and CFR. Stepwise linear regression was employed to investigate the association between COVID-19 outcomes and 17 demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related county-level predictors. Results We found mortality rate and CFR were significantly higher in rural counties compared to urban counties, among which significant differences in vaccination coverage were also observed. Multivariate analysis found that the percentage of the population aged over 65 years, the percentage of obese people, and the percentage of the rural population were significant predictors of COVID-19 case rate. Median age, vaccination coverage, percentage of people who smoke, and percentage of the population with diabetes were significant influencing factors for CFR. Importantly, higher vaccination coverage was significantly associated with a reduction in case rate (R = -0.26, p = 0.03) and mortality (R = -0.51, p < 0.001). Last, we found that spatial dependencies play a role in explaining variations in COVID-19 CFR among Florida counties. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the need for targeted, equitable public health strategies to reduce disparities and enhance population resilience during public health crises.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-025-21764-x.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-025-21764-x
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	25
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-02-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Florida Urban Rural Socioeconomic Regression analysis Case Fatality Rate (CFR) Ecological Study Spatial analysis Timeseries Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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