NDLI: Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Bauer, Juliane Hegewald, Janice Rossnagel, Karin Jankowiak, Sylvia Prigge, Michaela Chalabi, Julian Nübling, Matthias Freiberg, Alice Riechmann-Wolf, Merle Dietz, Pavel Wild, Philipp S. Koeck, Thomas Beutel, Manfred E. Pfeiffer, Norbert Lackner, Karl J. Münzel, Thomas Strauch, Konstantin Lurz, Philipp Tüscher, Oliver Weinmann-Menke, Julia Konstantinides, Stavros Seidler, Andreas
Abstract	Background In view of demographic change, rising retirement age, and a growing shortage of skilled workers, it is increasingly important to prevent widespread diseases such as type 2 diabetes or its risk factor metabolic syndrome. Since the workplace is an important setting for preventive measures and little is known about incident cases in the working population, the aim of this study was to identify vulnerable occupational groups for whom these interventions are particularly appropriate. Therefore, we investigated the 10-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome across occupational groups in Germany. Methods Employees of the population-based Gutenberg-Health-Study (GHS) were examined at baseline (2007–2012) and 10 years later. We calculated age- and sex-standardised incidence rates and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for occupations, job complexity levels, and supervisory and managerial positions. 5954 persons at risk for type 2 diabetes and 5103 at risk for metabolic syndrome were observed. Results Between baseline and follow-up, 388 cases of type 2 diabetes and 1104 cases of metabolic syndrome occurred, and standardised incidences were 6.9% and 22.6%, respectively. The highest incidence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the occupational group “food production and processing” (20.7%) with a threefold increased incidence (SIR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.8–4.7) compared to the total working population of the GHS. Employees in “metal production, processing and construction” had the highest incidence of metabolic syndrome and a two times higher SIR (48.5%; SIR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–2.9). There was also a high incidence of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in “cleaners” (16.5% and 34.8%) and “drivers and mobile plant operators” (14.8% and 41.2%). An increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome was observed with decreasing job complexity levels. Conclusions This study shows wide differences in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome between occupational groups and highlights the vulnerability of certain occupations. As the workplace is an important platform for interventions, the findings of this study could guide the development of more nuanced and effective workplace health initiatives to promote a healthier workforce for the future.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-025-21732-5.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-025-21732-5
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	25
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-02-07
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Cardiometabolic Incidence Longitudinal Metabolic syndrome Occupation Population-based Prevalence Prevention Type 2 diabetes Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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