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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Morales Casique, Eric Guinzberg Belmont, Jacobo Ortega Guerrero, Adrián |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | An approach is presented to investigate the regional evolution of groundwater in the basin of the Amacuzac River in Central Mexico. The approach is based on groundwater flow cross-sectional modeling in combination with major ion chemistry and geochemical modeling, complemented with principal component and cluster analyses. The hydrogeologic units composing the basin, which combine aquifers and aquitards both in granular, fractured and karstic rocks, were represented in sections parallel to the regional groundwater flow. Steady-state cross-section numerical simulations aided in the conceptualization of the groundwater flow system through the basin and permitted estimation of bulk hydraulic conductivity values, recharge rates and residence times. Forty-five water locations (springs, groundwater wells and rivers) were sampled throughout the basin for chemical analysis of major ions. The modeled gravity-driven groundwater flow system satisfactorily reproduced field observations, whereas the main geochemical processes of groundwater in the basin are associated to the order and reactions in which the igneous and sedimentary rocks are encountered along the groundwater flow. Recharge water in the volcanic and volcano-sedimentary aquifers increases the concentration of HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, Mg$^{2+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$ from dissolution of plagioclase and olivine. Deeper groundwater flow encounters carbonate rocks, under closed CO$_{2}$ conditions, and dissolves calcite and dolomite. When groundwater encounters gypsum lenses in the shallow Balsas Group or the deeper Huitzuco anhydrite, gypsum dissolution produces proportional increased concentration of Ca$^{2+}$ and SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$; two samples reflected the influence of hydrothermal fluids and probably halite dissolution. These geochemical trends are consistent with the principal component and cluster analyses.An approach is presented to investigate the regional evolution of groundwater in the basin of the Amacuzac River in Central Mexico. Une approche est présentée pour étudier l’évolution régionale des eaux souterraines dans le bassin de la rivière Amacuzac dans le centre du Mexique. L’approche est basée sur la modélisation des écoulements souterrains en coupe, couplée à la chimie des ions majeurs et à la modélisation géochimique, complétée par des analyses en composante principale et par groupe. Les unités hydrogéologiques composant le bassin, qui combinent aquifères et aquitards dans des roches sédimentaires, fracturées et karstiques, ont été représentées dans des sections parallèles à l’écoulement régional des eaux souterraines. Les simulations numériques en régime permanent des coupes transverses ont contribué à la conceptualisation du système d’écoulement des eaux souterraines au travers du bassin et ont permis d’estimer les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique apparente, les taux de recharge et les temps de résidence. Quarante cinq points d’eau (sources, puits et rivières) ont été échantillonnés sur tout le bassin pour les analyses chimiques des ions majeurs. Le système d’écoulement d’eau souterraine modélisé basé sur la gravité reproduit de manière satisfaisante les observations de terrain, tandis que les principaux processus géochimiques des eaux souterraines du bassin sont associés à l’ordre et aux réactions dans lesquelles les roches ignées et sédimentaires se trouvent le long de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines. La recharge en eau dans les aquifères volcaniques et volcano-sédimentaires augmente la concentration en HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, Mg$^{2+}$ et Ca$^{2+}$ issue de la dissolution des plagioclases et de l’olivine. Un écoulement d’eau souterraine plus profond intercepte des roches carbonatées, sous conditions de CO$_{2}$ fermées, et dissolvent la calcite et la dolomite. Lorsque l’eau souterraine intercepte des lentilles de gypse dans le groupe Balsas peu profond ou de l’anhydrite plus profonde d’Huitzuco, la dissolution du gypse produit une augmentation proportionnelle de la concentration du Ca$^{2+}$ et du SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$; deux échantillons reflètent l’influence des fluides hydrothermaux et probablement de la dissolution de l’halite. Ces tendances géochimiques sont cohérentes avec les analyses en composante principale et en groupe.Se presenta un enfoque para investigar la evolución regional del agua subterránea en la cuenca del río Amacuzac, en el centro de México. El enfoque se basa en el modelado de la sección transversal de flujo de agua subterránea en combinación con la química de iones mayoritarios y la modelización geoquímica, complementado con componentes principales y análisis de clúster. Las unidades hidrogeológicas que componen la cuenca, que combinan los acuíferos y acuitardos tanto en rocas granulares, fracturadas y kársticas, fueron representados en las secciones paralelas al flujo regional de agua subterránea. Las simulaciones numéricas en estado estacionario de la sección transversal ayudaron en la conceptualización del sistema de flujo de agua subterránea a través de la cuenca y permitieron la estimación de los valores globales de conductividad hidráulica, las tasas de recarga y los tiempos de residencia. Se muestrearon cuarenta y cinco sitios de agua (manantiales, pozos de agua subterránea y ríos) a través de la cuenca para el análisis químico de los iones mayoritarios. El modelado del sistema de flujo del agua subterránea por gravedad reprodujo satisfactoriamente las observaciones de campo, mientras que los principales procesos geoquímicos del agua subterránea en la cuenca están asociados con el orden y las reacciones en las cuales las rocas ígneas y sedimentarias se encuentran a lo largo del flujo del agua subterránea. El agua de recarga en los acuíferos volcánicos y volcano-sedimentarios aumenta la concentración de HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, Mg$^{2+}$ y Ca$^{2+}$ a partir de la disolución de plagioclasas y olivinas. El flujo de agua subterránea más profundo se encuentra con rocas carbonatadas, bajo condiciones cerradas de CO$_{2}$, y disuelve la calcita y la dolomita. Cuando el agua subterránea encuentra lentes de yeso someros del Grupo Balsas o la anhidrita Huitzuco más profunda, la disolución de yeso producen incremento proporcional en la concentración de Ca$^{2+}$ and SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$; dos muestras reflejaron la influencia de los fluidos hidrotermales y probablemente la disolución de halita. Estas tendencias geoquímicas son consistentes con el análisis de las componentes principales y de los clúster.本文论述了调查墨西哥中部Amacuzac河流域地下水的区域演化的方法。该方法基于地下水流横断面模拟结合主要离子化学和地球化学模拟,并补充主要成分分析和聚类分析。构成流域的水文地质单元包括颗粒岩、断裂岩和岩溶岩中的含水层和隔水层,水文地质单元表现为剖面平行于区域地下水流。稳定态横断面数值模拟可以帮助概念化穿过流域的地下水流系统和估算整体水力传导率值、补给率和滞留时间。在整个流域45个水点(泉、地下水井和河流)进行了水样采集用于进行主要离子的化学分析。模拟的重力驱使地下水流系统圆满地再现了野外观测结果,而流域内地下水的主要地球化学过程与顺序和火成岩和沉积岩沿地下水流相遇的反应有关。火山岩和火山-沉积岩含水层中的补给水增加了从斜长石和橄榄石中溶解出的HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, Mg$^{2+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$浓度。较深的地下水流遭遇碳酸盐岩,在封闭的CO$_{2}$条件下,溶解方解石和白云石。当地下水遇到浅层Balsas组的石膏透镜体或者较深的Huitzuco组的硬石膏时,石膏溶解使Ca$^{2+}$ 和 SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$浓度成比例增加;两个样品反映了水热流体和可能的硬石膏溶解的影响。这些地球化学趋势与主要成分分析和聚类分析结果一致。Uma abordagem é apresentada para investigar a evolução regional das águas subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Amacuzac no México Central. A abordagem é baseada na modelagem do fluxo das águas subterrâneas em seções hidrogeológicas, em conjunto com a química dos íons principais e modelagem geoquímica, complementada pela análise das componentes principais e de agrupamento. As unidades hidrogeológicas que compõe a bacia, combinam aquíferos e aquitardes, ambos contidos em rochas granulares, fraturadas e cársticas, representados nas seções paralelas ao fluxo regional subterrâneo. Simulações em regime permanente contribuíram na conceptualização do sistema de fluxo subterrâneo ao longo da bacia, e permitiram a estimativa de valores da condutividade hidráulica, taxas de recarga e tempo de residência. Quarenta e cinto pontos foram amostrados (nascentes, poços e rios) ao longo da bacia para análise dos íons principais. O sistema de fluxo subterrâneo induzido pela gravidade modelado, reproduz satisfatoriamente as observações de campo, enquanto os principais processos geoquímicos subterrâneos na bacia estão associados com a sequência em que as rochas ígneas e sedimentares são encontradas ao longo do fluxo subterrâneo e as reações associadas. A recarga em aquíferos vulcânicos e vulcano-sedimentares aumentaram as concentrações de HCO$_{3}$ $^{–}$, Mg$^{2+}$ e Ca$^{2+}$, provenientes da dissolução dos plagioclásios e olivinas. Fluxos profundos alcançam rochas carbonáticas, em sistema fechado aos fluxos de CO$_{2}$, dissolvendo calcita e dolomita. Quando a água subterrânea encontra lentes de gipsita em pequenas profundidades associadas ao Grupo Balsas, ou anidrita em grandes profundidades no Grupo Huitzuco, a dissolução de gesso produz um aumento proporcional nas concentrações de Ca$^{2+}$ e SO$_{4}$ $^{2–}$; duas amostras refletem a influência de fluidos hidrotermais e a provável dissolução de halita. Estes comportamentos geoquímicos são consistentes com a análise das componentes principais e a análise de agrupamento. |
| Starting Page | 1873 |
| Ending Page | 1890 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2016-05-05 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Mexico Regional groundwater flow Hydrogeochemistry Principal component analysis Geochemical modeling Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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