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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Chirindja, F. J. Dahlin, T. Juizo, D. |
| Copyright Year | 2017 |
| Abstract | Vertical electrical sounding was used for assessing the suitability of the drill sites in crystalline areas within a water supply project in Nampula Province in Mozambique. Many boreholes have insufficient yield (<600 L/h). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out over seven boreholes with sufficient yield, and five boreholes with insufficient yield, in Rapale District, in an attempt to understand the reason for the failed boreholes. Two significant hydrogeological units were identified: the altered zone (19–220 ohm-m) with disintegrated rock fragments characterized by intermediate porosity and permeability, and the fractured zone (>420 ohm-m) with low porosity and high permeability. In addition to this, there is unfractured nonpermeable intact rock with resistivity of thousands of ohm-m. The unsuccessful boreholes were drilled over a highly resistive zone corresponding to fresh crystalline rock and a narrow altered layer with lower resistivity. Successful boreholes were drilled in places where the upper layers with lower resistivity correspond to a well-developed altered layer or a well-fractured basement. There are a few exceptions with boreholes drilled in seemingly favourable locations but they were nevertheless unsuccessful boreholes for unknown reasons. Furthermore, there were boreholes drilled into very resistive zones that produced successful water wells, which may be due to narrow permeable fracture zones that are not resolved by ERT. Community involvement is proposed, in choosing between alternative borehole locations based on information acquired with a scientifically based approach, including conceptual geological models and ERT. This approach could probably lower the borehole failure rate.Des sondages électriques verticaux ont été utilisés pour évaluer l’adéquation des sites de forage dans les zones cristallines d’un projet d’approvisionnement en eau dans la province de Nampula, au Mozambique. De nombreux forages ont un rendement insuffisant (<600 L/h). La tomographie par résistivité électrique (ERT) a été réalisée sur sept forages avec un rendement suffisant, et cinq forages avec un rendement insuffisant, dans le district de Rapale, dans le but de comprendre la raison d’échec de ces forages. Deux unités hydrogéologiques significatives ont été identifiées: la zone altérée (19–220 ohm-m) avec des fragments de roche désintégrés caractérisés par une porosité et une perméabilité intermédiaires, et la zone fracturée (>420 ohm-m) avec une faible porosité et une perméabilité élevée. En plus de cela, il existe une roche intacte non-fracturée non-perméable avec une résistivité de milliers de ohm-m. Les forages infructueux ont été forés sur une zone hautement résistive correspondant à la roche cristalline fraîche et une couche étroite altérée avec une plus faible résistivité. Les forages fructueux ont été forés dans des endroits où les couches supérieures à résistivité inférieure correspondent à une couche altérée bien développée ou à un sous-sol bien fracturé. Il y a quelques exceptions avec des forages réalisés dans des endroits apparemment favorables mais qui se sont révélés des forages infructueux pour des raisons inconnues. De plus, des forages ont été forés dans des zones très résistantes qui ont produit des puits d’eau fructueux, ce qui peut être dû à des zones de fractures perméables étroites qui ne sont pas imagées par l’ERT. La participation de la communauté est proposée pour choisir entre des emplacements de forage alternatifs sur la base d’informations obtenues avec une approche fondée du point de vue scientifique, y compris des modèles géologiques conceptuels et l’ERT. Cette approche pourrait probablement réduire le taux d’échec des forages.Se utilizó un sondeo eléctrico vertical para evaluar la aptitud de los sitios de perforación en áreas cristalinas dentro de un proyecto de abastecimiento de agua en la provincia de Nampula, en Mozambique. Muchos pozos tienen un rendimiento insuficiente (<600 L/h). Se realizó una tomografía de resistividad eléctrica (ERT) en siete pozos con rendimiento suficiente, y en cinco pozos con rendimiento insuficiente, en el Distrito de Rapale, en un intento de entender la razón de los pozos fallidos. Se identificaron dos unidades hidrogeológicas significativas: la zona alterada (19–220 ohm-m) con fragmentos desintegrados de roca caracterizados por una porosidad y permeabilidad intermedia, y la zona fracturada (>420 ohm-m) con baja porosidad y alta permeabilidad. Además de esto, hay roca intacta sin fracturación no permeable con resistividad de miles de ohm-m. Los pozos fallidos se perforaron sobre una zona altamente resistiva correspondiente a roca cristalina fresca y una reducida capa alterada con menor resistividad. Los pozos exitosos se perforaron en lugares donde las capas superiores con menor resistividad corresponden a una capa alterada bien desarrollada o a un basamento bien fracturado. Hay algunas excepciones con pozos perforados en lugares aparentemente favorables, pero fueron perforaciones sin éxito por razones desconocidas. Además, se perforaron pozos en zonas muy resistivas que produjeron pozos de agua exitosos, lo que puede deberse a reducidas zonas permeables por fracturación que no son resueltas por las ERT. Se propone la participación de la comunidad al elegir en la ubicación de pozos alternativos basados en información obtenida con un enfoque científico, incluyendo modelos geológicos conceptuales y ERT. Este enfoque probablemente podría reducir la tasa de pozos fallidos.在莫桑比克楠普拉省一个供水项目中,垂直电测深用来评价结晶岩地区钻井位置的适宜性。许多钻孔出水量不足(<600L/h)对拉帕莱地区七个出水量足的钻孔和五个出水量不足的钻孔进行了电阻率断层术扫描,慕斯就是了解钻孔失败的原因。确定了两个有重要意义的水文地质单元:具有中级孔隙度和渗透性的破裂岩碎片蚀变带(19–220 ohm-m)以及具有低孔隙度和高渗透性的断裂带(>420 ohm-m)。除了这些,还存在着电阻达几千Ωm的未断裂非透水的完整带。不成功的钻孔位于对应于新结晶岩的高电阻率带及窄的蚀变层。成功的钻孔位于具有较低电阻率的上层对应发育良好的蚀变层或者断裂良好的基岩层的地方。位于看起来有利位置的钻孔有几个例外,但由于不明原因却不成功。此外,有的钻孔位于能够成为供水井的非常电阻区,这可能是窄的透水断裂带没有经过电阻率断层扫描。提出,根据所需信息采用基于科学的方法包括概念地质模型和电子率断层扫描选择替代的钻孔位置时,应该要有多方参与。这种方法可能能够降低钻孔的失败率。A sondagem elétrica vertical foi utilizada para avaliar a adequação dos locais de perfuração em áreas cristalinas dentro de um projeto de fornecimento de água na Província de Nampula em Moçambique. Muitas perfurações tiveram rendimento insuficiente (<600 L/h). A tomografia de resistividade elétrica (TRE) foi realizada em sete perfurações com rendimento suficiente, e cinco perfurações com rendimento insuficiente, no distrito de Rapale, em uma tentativa de compreender a razão para as perfurações fracassadas. Duas unidades hidrogeológicas significantes foram identificadas: a zona alterada (19–220 ohm-m) com fragmentos de rochas desintegrados caracterizados por porosidade e permeabilidade intermediaria, e a zona fraturada (>420 ohm-m) com baixa porosidade e alta permeabilidade. Além disso, existe uma rocha intacta não fraturada e não permeável com resistividade de milhares de ohm-m. Os poços mal sucedidos foram perfurados sobre uma zona de alta resistividade correspondente a rocha cristalina fresca e uma estreita camada alterada com menor resistividade. Os poços bem sucedidos foram perfurados em locais onde as camadas superiores com menor resistividade correspondem a uma camada alterada bem desenvolvida ou um embasamento bem fraturado. Existem algumas exceções com os poços perfurados em localidades aparentemente favoráveis, mas eles foram ainda assim, poços sem sucesso por razões desconhecidas. Além disso, houve perfurações em zonas muito resistivas que produziram poços de água bem sucedidos, que podem ser devido a zonas de fraturas estreitas permeáveis que não foram identificadas pela TER. É proposto um envolvimento da comunidade, na escolha entre localizações alternativas de perfurações baseadas em informações adquiridas com uma abordagem cientificamente embasada, incluindo modelos geológicos conceituais e TRE. Essa abordagem pode diminuir, provavelmente, a taxa de falha na perfuração. |
| Starting Page | 1423 |
| Ending Page | 1435 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 25 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2017-02-03 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Vertical electrical sounding Electrical resistivity tomography Groundwater exploration Crystalline rocks Mozambique Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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